Xerxes the Great
Was the most powerful king of Persia a religious revolutionary? An inscription from Persepolis has fired debate about whether or not he held Zoroastrian beliefs. Richard Stoneman

 Pictures of paradise
The history of the garden and how it has been depicted by artists since medieval times is the subject of an exhibition currently on show at the Queen’s Gallery in London. Lucia Marchini
Time frame
The American artist Alexander Mihaylovich explains how a deep love of archaeology and museums has infused his art. Lindsay Fulcher

 Call for the Cataphracts 
The Seleucid Emperor Antiochos III’s successful use of heavily armoured cavalry against the Egyptians set a long-lasting trend. Eric B Anderson

 Masters of the Muses
The Cure is the latest collaboration between the composer Harrison Birtwistle and poet David Harsent to turn a Classical myth into a modern opera. Lindsay Fulcher

‘A magical constancy’
A major new exhibition of Barbara Hepworth’s sculpture at Tate Britain reveals the deep influence of ancient art on her work. Inga Fraser

 Along the Lycian Way
Following in the footsteps of a freedom-loving people through a wild mountainous region of south-west Turkey. Lindsay Fulcher

A far-off country
Known for its boldly decorated churches, Ethiopia has a history that stretches back to the Queen of Sheba and beyond. Richard Pankhurst

INTO THE VALLEY OF THE QUEENS 
When a team of archaeologists from the Museo Egizio in Turin excavated in the Valley of the Queens in the 1900s, they uncovered the looted tomb of Nefertari, one of the great queens of New Kingdom. We take a look at a touring exhibition that showcases their finds and celebrates this Egyptian queen.

GRAND DESIGNS
Herculaneum’s spectacular House of the Bicentenary reopened in 2019 after decades of closure took their toll on the Roman townhouse’s painted walls and mosaiced floors. Francesco Sirano and Leslie Rainer show us around the house and the lengthy conservation efforts that have enabled the site to open its doors once more.
 
CUZCO
In the 16th century, the Spanish conquest of the Inca capital of Cuzco in Peru saw the city go from the heart of one empire to the periphery of another. Michael J Schreffler explores the importance of the Inca city, its defeat, and its transformation, traces of which can be seen through its streets today.
 
PUSHING BOUNDARIES
The fertile fields of Campania in southern Italy attracted different settlers in antiquity, among them the Etruscans, who founded several cities near Greek colonies. Paolo Giulierini investigates the archaeological legacy of the Etruscans in this part of Italy, which tells the story of coexistence and conflict, and a keen interest in divination.
 
THE GREAT BEYOND
The ancient Greeks went to great lengths to ensure their dead were appropriately honoured. Their mythology is full of stories of the unavenged, but also, as David Stuttard writes, of sage spirits who could be consulted.

FROM ECSTASY TO ENLIGHTENMENT 
With transgressive rituals and a central belief that material reality is animated by divine feminine power, Tantra challenges the status quo. But it is often misunderstood. Lindsay Fulcher finds enlightenment at the British Museum.
 
THE RICHES OF RAVENNA
Inside the churches of Ravenna, gleaming mosaics depict scenes of paradise and the faces of bishops and emperors. These cultural achievements, says Judith Herrin, show that Ravenna was not a declining late antique city, but integral to an emerging new world.
 
IN THE BEGINNING
Chinese emperors often studied the skies, as it was from celestial powers that they received their ‘Mandate of Heaven’. Dalu Jones explores an exhibition in Geneva that demonstrates how this preoccupation with the cosmos stretches back millennia.
 
THEBES
Home to fabled figures like Oedipus, the ancient Greek city of Thebes has had a profound cultural impact, yet this city of myths has long been overshadowed by Athens and Sparta. Paul Cartledge reveals why Thebes was forgotten – and why it should be remembered.
 
WHERE EAGLES DARE
Located in what is now the heart of Mexico City, Tenochtitlan was the thriving capital of the Aztec empire, a ritual and administrative powerhouse, until Hernán Cortés arrived in the 16th century. A touring exhibition, presenting some new finds, examines religion, tribute, and conquest in the Aztec city.

TREASURES OF THE SCYTHIAN KINGS
They were the fabled nomadic warriors of the Eurasian steppe. But for centuries their culture remained tantalisingly obscure – a result of their peripatetic lifestyle. In a major new study, the eminent archaeologist Barry Cunliffe pieces together the evidence about this most mysterious of ancient peoples.
 
THE TEMPLES AT ABU SIMBEL
Unearthed by the great showman Belzoni in the early 19th century, then moved wholesale in the later 20th century, the Great and Small Temples at Abu Simbel are among Egypt’s most extraordinary sights. Nigel Fletcher-Jones narrates the history, both ancient and modern, of the twin monuments to Rameses II and his wife.
 
WAITING FOR THE EMPEROR
Imperial ideology and Classical archaeology collided headlong during the reigns of Napoleon I and Napoleon III. Dalu Jones reveals how ambition and a genuine interest in the past helped to forge their link to Rome’s illustrious imperial past.
 
THE TENTH MUSE
A founding-member of the Royal Academy in London, Angelica Kauffman did not follow convention, but instead achieved success in her own right. Lucia Marchini charts the career of a groundbreaking portraitist and history painter.
 
SAVING NOTRE DAME
In April 2019, a devastating fire blazed through Notre Dame in Paris. As Christa Lesté-Lasserre reports, scientists are now working to revive the historic building – and making exciting discoveries along the way.

ANCIENT CITIES OF ILLYRIA
In one of Europe’s smallest countries, a treasure trove of archaeology awaits. Oliver Gilkes guides us through the cities of ancient Illyria, now in modern-day Albania.

THE GOLDEN AND THE GROTESQUE
Nero’s spectacular Roman palace, the Domus Aurea, was richly decorated. Dalu Jones describes how its ruins were rediscovered in the 15th century and how artists of the Renaissance were inspired by its extraordinary painted interiors.

CIVILISATION BEGINS
The first cities grew up 4,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, complex states requiring administration and bureaucracy. Neil Faulkner explores the huge cultural contribution of the world’s oldest civilisation.

EVER-CHANGING EPHESUS
The ancient Ephesus that we visit today is the new city, David Stuttard explains, built on the site of an equally impressive earlier settlement. But the stories that surround the founding and development of both great cities are equally rich in myth and imagination.

PROPERTY, POWER, AND THE BRITISH BAROQUE
A new type of art was required for a new order. The Baroque style in Britain, writes Neil Faulkner, was ideal for the Restoration monarchy, which was trying to reassert its power.

Now available for iPad, Minerva magazine gives anyone with an interest in archaeology and ancient art a compelling insight into the cultures of the past. Minerva explores the lost civilisations of the past, from Ancient Egypt to Greece, Rome and the mighty empires of the Middle East and Asia.

For over 30 years, Minerva has revealed the untold stories of the distant past in all their splendour.

Each issue includes:
• News of finds and research from around the world
• Original research by international experts
• Reviews of major new exhibitions
• In-depth features on history’s most fascinating people and events
• Profiles of leading figures from the world of archaeology
• Reviews of new publications and a must-have events diary

Advances in Afghanistan
Despite decades of conflict in Afghanistan, archaeological research and excavation continue. Warwick Ball and Norman Hammond bring us up-to-date with findings deepening our view of the country’s history.

Hidden Treasures
The famous Torlonia collection of antique sculpture, unseen for more than 50 years, goes on display to the public in Rome this spring. Dalu Jones tells the story of the masterpieces that will go on show – and the disputes that kept them hidden. 

Hadrian’s Wall 
Walking the 73 miles of the Wall is one of the must-do experiences for enthusiasts of Roman history. Matthew Symonds participated in the latest ‘Pilgrimage’ there, and shares the mysteries that still surround the Emperor’s mighty monument. 

The Draw of Rome 
Piranesi did not just settle for depicting the magnificent monuments of Rome, writes Lucia Marchini, he embellished them, creating his own fantastical visions of antiquity. 

Secrets of the Mummies 
Daniel Antoine talks to Richard Marranca about the discoveries he made by scanning mummies from the British Museum. 

Looking for Leonardo
A glimpse of the great Renaissance man and his life gleaned from the writings of his adoring biographer, Giorgio Vasari, and others those who knew and admired him in his own time.  Lindsay Fulcher

Surveying the Silk Roads
The fabled Silk Road was a busy complex network of east-west trade routes conveying spices, silk and other luxury goods, across deserts, mountains, steppes and seas – as excerpts from a lavishly illustrated new book explain. Susan Whitfield, Peter Sellars and Peter Whitfield   

All made in China
Excavations at numerous archaeological sites in China have unearthed fascinating finds that are now displayed in provincial museums across the country – we asked two experts to recommend six of the best. Cathy Giangrande & Miriam Clifford

The enigma of the Etruscans
An exhibition in Bologna showcases some of the ancient archaeological treasures produced by this mysterious culture, which was revered by DH Lawrence and which still intrigues us today.  Dalu Jones

Of myths and men
Writer and Classicist Daisy Dunn, who had three books published last year, talks about her love of all things Greek and Roman.  iana Bentley

The beauty of BaalbekThe monumental beauty of the largest temple complex in the Roman Empire, which sits in splendour in north-east Lebanon has recently been captured by a world-famous photographer.  Barnaby Rogerson & Don McCullin

Over the Moon
From Ancient Egypt to the Apollo Moon Landing in 1969, the pale luminary that has bewitched the human race over the centuries comes under scrutiny at the National Maritime Museum.  Louise Devoy

Men, angels and demons
Mystic or madman? The visionary artist and poet William Blake has always divided opinion but his powerful image-making cannot be denied 
as a major retrospective at Tate Britain shows.  Martin Myrone    

High-towered Troy
Described by Homer, ‘discovered’ by Schliemann, filmed by Hollywood directors, Troy has now inspired a new exhibition at the British Museum.
Lesley Fitton, Alexandra Villing,Victoria Donnellan & Andrew Shapland

Remembering Carthage
Home to Hamilcar and Hannibal, the scourge of Rome, and the tragic Queen Dido, the vibrant Phoenician capital is currently being celebrated at the Colosseum in Rome.  Dalu Jones

Mistress of time travel
With her lively detective tales set in Ancient Rome and Londinium, the acclaimed children’s writer Caroline Lawrence inspires her young readers to investigate the Classical world – and to enjoy it.  Diana Bentley

Both sides of the coin
The histories of the powerful Roman and Persian Empires are told through displays of fine coins from the extensive collections of the Barber Institute of Fine Arts in Birmingham.  Maria Vrij & Michael Burling

On the horns of a dilemma
Intriguing horned headdresses found at the Mesolithic site of Star Carr in Yorkshire and that may have been used in shamanic rites are on show at the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Cambridge.  Jody Joy

London’s secret rivers
From swords and statuettes to dog-collars and coins, the River Thames and its many tributaries have received ‘votive offerings’ of many kinds as a new exhibition at the Museum of London Docklands shows.  Roger Williams

The golden pharaoh
Soon some of the fabulous treasures of Tutankhamun will go on show in London for a third time, but what is the enduring appeal of the story of 
the discovery of his tomb almost a century ago?  Jaromir Malek   

Metaphysical musings
The poignant, mysterious, melancholic paintings of Giorgio de Chirico have haunted us for generations. Now a major exhibition in Milan pays tribute to the man and his work.  Dalu Jones   

The White Horse of England
A highly stylised prehistoric work of art is carved into the white chalk of a green hillside at Uffington in Oxfordshire – but who made it, what does it mean and how has it survived for such a long time?  David Miles

Hoard of gold
With its impressive jewelled cross, cloisonné sword mounts and crested helmet, the Staffordshire Hoard is, in every sense, a treasure trove – but the archaeological data it yields is worth even more.  Chris Fern

Life in Hogarth’s London
From excessive gin-drinking and prostitution to obsessive gambling, morals were at a very low ebb in the Georgian capital and who better to depict the rise and fall of its hapless citizens than William Hogarth?  Jo Tinsworth

Digging for Britain
Decades of hard work and research have yielded a wealth of knowledge as settlements from prehistory, the Roman occupation, Viking invasions and the reign of the Anglo-Saxons kings have been unearthed.  Mike Pitts

Words of power & the power of words
The British Library is staging an exhibition to show the crucial role the written word – from hieroglyphs, runes and cuneiform to print, predictive text and emojis – has played and continues to play in our history. Peter Toth

Out of Africa
African masks inspired 20th-century European artists, such as Picasso, now in the first exhibition of its kind in Italy examples of African art are displayed as art – not as ethnographic curiosities.  Matilde de Chantrain   

 In the lap of luxury
American oil billionaire J Paul Getty had a replica of Herculaneum’s 
Villa dei Papiri built in Malibu in the 1970s; now art treasures excavated at the original site are on show in America.  Geraldine Fabrikant   

 Last supper in Pompeii
The Ashmolean Museum has prepared a feast of paintings, documents and artefacts from Italy and Britain to show just how important food 
was for the Romans – from production to consumption.   Paul Roberts

 I, Claudius
Sickly, stammering and with little ambitioon, Claudius was perhaps the most unlikely of Roman emperors to suceed yet, as an exhibition in Rome shows, he was an efficient and diligent administrator.  Dalu Jones

‘To cause justice to prevail in the land...’
Nearly 4000 years ago the Babylonian king Hammurabi drew up a legal code, carved on basalt stele and containing 282 sections, to regulate what, to him, would create a just and well-ordered society.  Diana Bentley

Urban roots
The great civilisations that arose in Sumeria and Assyria, where the first city was founded, are the subject of a new book that describes and illustrates their power and the grandeur of their architecture. Ray Dunning

At home with Homer
An exhibition celebrating our most famous ancient poet is on show at Louvre-Lens in France but the question of who he was, what he wrote, or if he existed at all, continues to exercise the minds of Classical scholars.   Barbara Graziosi   

Art and identity
The Metropolitan Museum of Art has drawn together stunning artefacts from a world that existed between the Roman and Parthian empires that show the blending of cultures.   Blair Fowlkes-Childs and Michael Seymour  

A Classical touch?
Alexander the Great led the Greeks west as far as northern India, but just how much local artists were influenced by the new ideas, styles and techniques they brought is still up for debate.   Richard Stoneman 

The nakedness of the nude
Inspired by Classical Greece, Renaissance artists made the often naked human figure central to their work, but this led to subsequent censorious moves to cover up certain parts of the body.   Charles Darwent

Meet a new hero
Historical fiction writer Christian Cameron talks about researching his new book, featuring the Achaean general Philopoemen, and how he dresses to fight accurately renacted battles in Greece and elsewhere.   Roger Williams

Belonging to nowhere...
The island of Sardinia seems cut adrift but artefacts from its mysterious megalithic Nuraghic culture – many of which are now on show in Cagliari – link it with the Caucasus thousands of miles away.   Dalu Jones

Hearts of oak
In England, the oak is associated with the survival of Charles II and is still celebrated by royalists on 29 May, Oak Apple Day; in Greek mythology, the oak-tree was sacred to Zeus, the father of the gods.   Caroline Spearing  

Camelot or not?
The mythical life, heroic exploits and poetic death of King Arthur and his court at Camelot have excited the imagination, inspiring many scholarly and popular books – and some pretty terrible films.   David Miles

Man of the law
Cicero, the Roman orator and advocate, was famed for his brilliant rhetoric, love of justice and political acumen, but his sharp tongue and acerbic wit made him powerful enemies who exacted their revenge.  John Davie 

The power and the glory
A rare exhibition of Roman arms and armour in Arles celebrates not only the army’s military prowess but also illustrates its artistic side in a display of splendidly decorated sports helmets.  Jonathan Coulston

Sacred Britannia
Religion and ritual practice in Roman Britain embraced a mixture of home-grown pagan beliefs and customs, imported Classical deities and exotic Eastern cults, including Christianity.  Miranda Aldhouse-Green

Helmet heads
Displays of magnificent armour in the Wallace Collection were an early inspiration for the young sculptor Henry Moore – and they continued 
to influence his work throughout his life.  Tobias Capwell

Ruskin’s Renaissance
It is time to reassess the great Victorian art critic and active social reformer, 
John Ruskin, who is being celebrated in events this year – from America to Japan – as it is the 200th anniversary of his birth.  Roger Williams

Marvels in white marble
Work by Antonio Canova, the leading Italian Neo-classical sculptor famed for The Three Graces, is the subject of a stunning exhibition in Naples, which shows that his skills remain unsurpassed.  Dalu Jones

Cameo role
Roman cameos carved with different images – from Imperial portraits to Classical myths – were used as propaganda as well as love-tokens, as can be seen in the fine examples from the Content Collection.  Martin Henig

Following the female line
The Julio-Claudian emperors owed their unbroken dynastic succession to certain feisty women, who were seen to embody specific Roman virtues, which were then reflected by the state.  Guy de la Bédoyère 

Looking for the lost tombs
Despite the discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb nearly a century ago, the Valley of the Kings has still not been fully excavated and there are many pharaonic resting-places that have yet to be located.  Chris Naunton 

A force of nature
A reappraisal of the powerful work of sculptor Dame Elisabeth Frink shines a light on her darker obsessions – from birds of prey to assassins, and the human-animal condition.  Calvin Winner

Strawberry Hill forever
Some of the many art treasures amassed by the modest 18th-century collector, Horace Walpole, are once again gracing his famous ‘little Gothic castle’ near the Thames in Twickenham.  Dominic Green.

Here comes the Sun
A major exhibition at the Science Museum in London revolves around the Sun and shows how our knowledge of the ‘Great Day Star’ has been steadily growing since the dawn of time.  Harry Cliff

A safe haven and harbouring place
Aquileia, a once-great port not far from Venice, has a wonderful basilica with a vast mosaic floor and a newly refurbished museum, yet it remains one of Italy’s little-known gems.  Dalu Jones

 In the name of the Emperor
Legionaries, the highly disciplined soldiers at the heart of the Roman war-machine, evolved under different rulers, who changed what they wore, how they fought and how much they were paid.  Simon Elliot

Twilight of the gods
Stunning exhibits on show in Leiden – both from the Nederlands’ National Museum of Antiquities and on loan from national and private collections – reveal the mysteries of Ancient Egypt’s many deities. Maarten J Raven

King of the world
Assyria’s ruler Ashurbanipal and Nineveh, his ‘city of sin’ have had a bad press but this scholarly king, who inherited a vast empire, also built up an outstanding library of cuneiform tablets. Dominic Green 

A tale of four cities
Destroyed, damaged, looted or neglected, the ancient cities of Palmyra, Aleppo, Mosul and Leptis Magna can now be seen in dazzling virtual reconstructions at L’institut du monde arabe in Paris. Nicole Benazeth

Pointing the finger
The discovery of Emperor Constantine’s missing bronze index finger in the Louvre points in the direction of the Campana collection, many of whose treasures are currently displayed there. Dalu Jones

Found in translation
Emily Wilson, Professor of Classics at the University of Pennsylvania, the first woman to translate Homer’s Odyssey, talks about the challenges of the task and explains why she kept the metres running. Lucia Marchini

On site at Sardis
The capital of the Lydian King Croesus is where money was first coined and it offers rich archaeological rewards to Professor Cahill and his Sardis Expedition team who make use of the latest technology. Ismail Mardin

Anglo-Saxon attitudes
The last book written by historian Jean Manco unravels the origins of the Anglo-Saxons, while an exhibition on the same subject at the British Library includes a manuscript not seen here since AD 716. David Miles

Troy story
As the ‘Year of Troy’ is celebrated in Turkey, we revisit the site of Homer’s legendary city which, although located in the 1870s, harbours unanswered questions – such as who exactly laid siege to it?   Naoise Mac Sweeney

From Eden to Empire
The work of the great Anglo-American painter, Thomas Cole, including his magisterial series depicting the rise and fall of empire – which has a particular resonance today – is on show in London.   Dominic Green 

Graven idols
An inspiration for artists, poets and anthropologists, images of the Great Goddess across the world share many similarities, as can be seen in an intriguing exhibition of prehistoric female idols in Venice.   Dalu Jones

Frozen in time
A new film is breathing life into Ötzi, the 5000-year-old mummy found in a glacier in the South Tyrol, and the result is a surprisingly convincing drama – despite its deliberately incomprehensible dialogue.   David Miles

A visionary artist
It was not only the style and technique of the Italian Renaissance that attracted the eminent Pre-Raphaelite Edward Burne-Jones – he was also haunted by Classical myths and English folk heroes.   Dominic Green

Classical buzz
Traditionally, honey bees symbolise social order and untiring industry but, for the poet Virgil, they also carried a political message – the importance of the collective over the individual – as the Georgics reveal.   Lucy Shackleton

The romanitas heritage of Nîmes
Although Nîmes became a solidly Romanised city, many exhibits in its sparkling new museum show that cultural traces of its original Gallic inhabitants persisted long after Rome had fallen.   Bijan Omrani

The first ‘Hammer of the Scots’
From his base in York, Emperor Septimius Severus and his 50,000-strong Roman army – the largest ever to have campaigned in Britain – set about the brutal annihilation of the Caledonian people.   Simon Elliott  

RA RA RA!
The Royal Academy of Arts is celebrating its 250th anniversary with 
a show called The Great Spectacle, charting the rise of its ever-popular Summer Exhibition, in its elegant new surroundings.   Dominic Green 

In the Farnese gardens
Rome’s most famous gardens, built on the Palatine Hill where the city’s mythical founders Romulus and Remus were reared and where emperors built their palaces, have been dramatically restored.   Dalu Jones

Inside secret bowers
Artists, from Simeon Solomon to Stanley Spencer, have depicted different kinds of gardens as places of love, beauty and enchantment – as a new exhibition in Newcastle’s Laing Art Gallery shows.   Theresa Thompson

Monsters of the mind 
Medieval images of terrors, aliens and wonders on show at New York’s Morgan Library & Museum reveal some of the curious and grotesque creations born of mankind’s fertile imagination.   Dominic Green

Lord of the runes
As an exhibition at the Bodleian Library in Oxford examines the life and work of JRR Tolkien, we look at how his unrivalled knowledge 
of the Anglo-Saxon language, literature and culture inspired characters, places and events in The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings.   Tom Shippey

A second Achilles?
Socrates loved him, women adored him, soldiers died for him – but the shameless self-publicist and golden boy Alcibiades was as vulnerable as his role model, the mythical hero Achilles.   David Stuttard

‘The best of emperors’ 
Trajan’s Markets, now collectively renamed the Museum of the Imperial Fora, are a fitting place to celebrate the 1900th anniversary of a wise and just emperor who brought prosperity to Rome.   Dalu Jones

 The wrong Caesars
An examination of the scenes from the lives of 12 Roman emperors depicted on a set of stunning Renaissance, gilded silver dishes revealed that they do not match imperial figures attached to them.   Mary Beard

In the shadow of the volcano
A stroll up Vesuvius, combined with a visit to Pompeii or Herculaneum, has inspired writers and artists throughout history and continues to evoke a deep sense of the powerful presence of the past.   Lindsay Fulcher

The Sun Queen
The beauty of Queen Nefertiti, the ‘Great Wife’ of the heretic pharaoh Akhenaten, was immortalised in a workshop in Amarna and still haunts us today when we face her in Berlin’s Neues Museum.   Joyce Tyldesley

Hero of the hieroglyphs
How did the 18th-century French scholar Jean-François Champollion decipher the language of the Ancient Egyptians, that allows us to read the cartouches on tombs, such as that of Tutankhamen?   Andrew Robinson

Horse sense
Images of Man’s four-legged companion in war, work and play are exquisitely depicted on Ancient Greek vases and coins in an exhibition on show at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.   Dominic Green

The view over Atlantis
The location of this mythical island has been assigned to many different parts of the world, but Plato’s story of a lost civilisation may have been a device to make a point about the nature of the state.   Steve Kershaw

Art and power  
When Charles II returned to England to restore the monarchy, he used splendid works of art to reinforce his charisma and influence, as can be seen in an exhibition at the Queen’s Gallery.  Louise Cooling 

A passionate collector
Christian Levett explains why he chooses to display ancient artworks alongside modern and contemporary pieces at his innovative museum in Mougins in the south of France.  Michael Squire

 ’Art is the daughter of pleasure…’
The Capitoline Museums are celebrating the life and work of Johann Joachim Winckelmann, described as ‘the father of art history and modern archaeology’, who was born 300 years ago.  Dalu Jones

Order and chaos
From 1750 to 1850, the art movements Neoclassicim and Romanticism reflected the social and political developments of both the Reason of the Enlightment and the upheaval of Revolution.  Dominic Green

Unveiling Nineveh
From the ruins of war in Iraq, the Neo-Assyrian capital of Nineveh has risen again – thanks to an exhibition in Leiden, which tells the story of 
one of this great city of the ancient world.  Geraldine Fabrikant

Shakespeare and the Stoics
The Bard often borrowed plots and devices from the literature of the past and many of his ideas about human behaviour and emotion came from a particular school of Classical philosophy.  John Davie

In Magna Graecia
A journey in the footsteps of the Victorian novelist George Gissing leads back to an exploration of some of the fascinating, lesser-known ancient Greek sites and cities of southern Italy.  Alexander Ekserdjian

Muggles, mandrakes and magic  
The world of Harry Potter is full of witchcraft, potions, incantations and alchemy and much of it is based on historical evidence – as the 
spell-binding exhibition at the British Library reveals.  Julian Harrison 

The face of power
Pharaohs of Egypt chose a particular iconography to strengthen their image, establish their authority and safeguard their legacy, as can be seen at the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen.  Tine Bagh

When women ruled the world
American Egyptologist, archaeologist and author Dr Kara Cooney explains how some of the queens of the Nile managed to wield power in what was definitely a man’s world.  Richard Marranca

City of water, city of fire
At the vast site of Teotihuacan there are remarkable temples and great pyramids, decorated by deeply carved sculpture and colourful murals, examples of which are on show in San Francisco. Murray Eiland

Shining a light on the Lombards
Little is known about this Germanic people, who ruled an extensive kingdom in Italy from AD 568 to 774; now, an exhibition in Naples puts the spotlight on their rich artistic and architectural legacy.  Dalu Jones

The examined life
Philosophers, such as Socrates, often stopped to talk to craftsmen in the agora and this was not unusual in Ancient Greece – as can be seen in a new gallery in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.  Dominic Green

A sense of place
Archaeologists can act as today’s placemakers by creating sites that receive thousands of visitors every year – one such is Butrint in Albania, which tells a human story that echoes down the ages.  Richard Hodges

The myth of the Lionheart  
Richard I is celebrated as a warrior-king and great hero, but he relied on Arthurian legend and the romanticised ballads of troubadors to embellish his image and enhance his reputation.  Sabine Kaufmann

The Great Belzoni
The Italian strongman-turned-archaeologist was a larger-than-life figure who discovered Seti I’s tomb and brought his sarcophagus to London where he sold it to Sir John Soane.  John H Taylor

Eastern promise
The Kuwaiti princess and art collector Sheikha Hussa Sabah al-Salem al-Sabah talks about the many stunning, lesser-known, pre-Islamic objects in the collection she founded with her husband.  Dalu Jones
Depicting the Divine
The Ashmolean Museum in Oxford brings together powerful images and sacred artefacts produced by the world’s major religions and shows how they have inspired both faith and fury.  Caroline Bugler  

The adventures of Asterix
The plucky little Gaul and his menhir-wielding friend, Obelix, who have led the resistance against the Romans for 60 years, are being celebrated in two exhibitions in Paris.  Polly Chiapetta

What did the Romans ever do for Gaul?
The reality of the Roman occupation was no laughing matter, but the battling Gaulish tribesmen might have been wiser to drop their swords 
– and magic potions – put on togas and learn Latin.  Bijan Omrani

Codebreakers and Groundbreakers
Michael Ventris, who deciphered the Linear B script, and Alan Turing, who unlocked the Enigma code, are commemorated in an exhibition at the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge.  Anastasia Christofilopoulou

Metamorphoses of the mind  
We still appreciate the ‘indiscreet, sexy and witty’ verse of the Roman poet Ovid, who died in exile 2000 years ago, and we continue to see the wildly amorous world of the Greek gods through his eyes.  John Davie

For the love of the gods
Inspired by Ovid’s collection of Classical myths – stories of divine love and seduction – an exhibition at the National Archaeological Museum 
in Naples looks at how they have been interpreted by artists.  Dalu Jones

Unbelievable treasures
Damien Hirst’s faux antiquities, supposedly rescued from a Roman shipwreck, are his most audacious art works to date; are they a tribute to marine archaeology or just a load of old crock?  Sean A Kingsley

 In the lap of luxury
The elegant silver tableware, elaborate drinking vessels and dazzling jewellery that rich Romans used to show off their wealth is displayed at an exhibition in Arles in the South of France.  Nicole Benazeth

The galloping goldsmiths
The Scythians are often seen as a band of illusive nomadic warriors, but the autumn exhibition at the British Museum reveals that they could also produce beautifully crafted gold objects.  St John Simpson

Magnificent Monteverdi
Born 450 years ago, the great Italian composer is known for his three surviving operas, inspired by Greek mythology and Roman history, 
with glorious music that has a timeless quality.  Tom Ford

Taking the tablets
Monumental inscriptions tell us about the grand events of the Roman Empire but the Vindolanda and Bloomberg Tablets reveal intimate details of the everyday lives of soldiers and citizens in Britain.  Paul Chrystal

Voyage of no return
The mystery of what happened to Sir John Franklin and his 129-man crew who sailed off to find the Northwest Passage in 1845 is examined in a new exhibition at the National Maritime Museum.  Roger Williams

Casting director
Artist Marc Quinn explains how the fragmentary nature of antiquities has inspired many of his own works including his 12 latest sculptures currently installed in Sir John Soane’s Museum.  Michael Squire

The colossus of Rome
After the gladiators moved out of the Colosseum, the world’s largest amphitheatre has played many different roles, from a stone quarry and a church to a film location and a tourist attraction.  Dalu Jones

The archaeologist of artists
Most Victorians and 1960s’ hippies loved the work of Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema – the art critic John Ruskin wasn’t so keen. Now it is on show in London, you can decide for yourself.  Dominic Green

Golden years
The measurement of time has seldom been depicted in so decorative a manner as in the delightful 17th- and 18th-century French calendars and almanacs displayed at Waddesdon Manor.  Theresa Thompson

Much more on Moore
Classical sculpture had little impact on the work of Sir Henry Moore early on in his career – as a young man he much preferred Sumerian, Cycladic and Mayan figures.  Dr Hannah Higham

Last man standing
After Alexander the Great died, his generals scrambled for power and fought among themselves. One of them, Seleucus I Nicator, founded the vast Seleucid Empire that lasted nearly 300 years.  Bryan Short

Along the Wall with Hadrian’s cavalry A look at the role of the mounted soldier on Britain’s northern border as 10 museums along the length of Hadrian’s Wall celebrate the 1900th anniversary of this Roman Emperor’s accession. Mike C Bishop

A fine figure

Exquisite Ancient Greek red-figure vases, attributed to the ‘Berlin Painter’ by the Oxford scholar Sir John Beazley more than a century ago, go on show at Princeton University Art Museum. Dominic Green

Dining with Socrates and Nero

Banquets in antiquity, from Ancient Greek symposia to decadent Roman dinners, involving serious discussions and frivolous feasting, as an exhibition in Marseilles shows. Nicole Benazeth

On parade in Pompeii How the ruined city of Pompeii, once a melting-pot of Greek, Roman and indigenous peoples, came to influence 20th-century artists such as Picasso and his work for the Ballet Russe’s Parade. Dalu Jones

Blood lines of Rome Following her debut history book, The First Ladies of Rome, Annelise Freisenbruch explains why she chose Hortensia to be the heroine of her first novel, set in the legal world of ancient Rome. Diana Bentley

Surveying the past Britain’s ancient landscapes with their monumental stones and chalk 
hill-figures have stirred the imagination of many artists seeking to capture their grandeur and mystery. Theresa Thompson

Monumental myths The life and legacy of the towering Victorian artist GF Watts, born 200 years ago, is being celebrated at his gallery and house in the Surrey village 
of Compton. Dominic Green

Defend or destroy?
The Praetorian Guard was the elite military corps paid handsomely to protect Roman emperors, but their masters had to be on their guard in case these too powerful men turned against them.  Guy de la Bédoyère

Under the volcano
From Etna and Krakatoa to a tale of Gothic horror, a new exhibition in Oxford shows the effects of volcanoes, how they have long fascinated us and how volcanology developed as a science.  Theresa Thompson

Rendlesham revealed
Archaeologists, four metal-detectorists and a local landowner, have worked together to uncover the site of a 7th-century royal Anglo-Saxon settlement in south-east Suffolk.  Faye Minter, Jude Plouviez and Christopher Scull

The ship of death
The burial mounds at Sutton Hoo by the River Deben in Suffolk were first excavated in 1939 to reveal a haunting ship burial and some of the greatest Anglo-Saxon treasures ever found in England.  Martin Carver

Cultural connections
Professor Lukas Nickel of the University of Vienna talks about the links between Ancient China and the Hellenistic world, which he deduced after studying warriors from the 3rd-century BC Terracotta Army.  Dalu Jones

Megalith mania
Stonehenge, England’s most famous prehistoric monument, has inspired artists, writers, advertisers, fashion photographers, comic-book heroes and a wealth of wonderfully odd souvenirs.  Julian Richards

This mysterious monument
The latest crop of books about Stonehenge brings the story of our most famous megaliths up to date but, although more is now known of its origins and purpose, it is still something of an enigma.  David Miles

The real King Arthur?

Separating fact from fiction in the legend of King Arthur and the Round Table is no easy matter but, here, he is revealed as a warrior king from Wales who retired to become a saint in Brittany.  Chris Barber

A stitch in time

From copes to orphreys, exquisite English medieval embroidery known as Opus Anglicanum was much admired across Europe – a new exhibition at the Victorian and Albert Museum shows why.  Jenny Davenport

Memories of Antiquity

How the Classical world was viewed during the Medieval era is reassessed in an exhibition at the Getty Museum in Los Angeles that examines the way in which the past has been viewed in different ages.  Dominic Green

Embroidering history

The famous Bayeux Tapestry tells the story of the battle between England’s King Harold and Duke William of Normandy, but the extraordinarily well-preserved 12th-century embroidery also reveals much about the landscape and the architecture of the time.  David Miles

Following the Thunderbird

Jago Cooper, the British Museum’s Curator of the Americas, describes his new exhibition, which explores the ancient cultures of the continent’s far northwest coast where he spent childhood holidays.  Diana Bentley

A capital architect

Acquired by Sir John Soane at a knock-down price, the elegant plans and designs by Robert Adam, the influential neoclassical architect of town and country houses, are on show in London.  Frances Sands

The passionate collector

An exhibition at the Musée du Quai Branly in Paris reveals the private collection of Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière, the French businessman whose taste stretches from ‘primitive’ sculpture to modern art.  Nicole Benazeth

Fashion plates 
The design of suits of armour in the 14th and 15th centuries may have had some fancy detailing which made them look extremely impressive, but it also served to save the wearer’s life.  Tobias Capwell

Victorian classics 
Frederic, Lord Leighton’s popular painting, Flaming June, has returned home to London from Puerto Rico, to join four of his other late paintings at Leighton House Museum.  Dominic Green 

Power and protection 
Oxford’s Ashmolean Museum throws light on superstition in the Islamic world with a fine show of stunning amulets, illuminated astrological charts and intriguing fortune-telling devices.  Theresa Thompson

Divine decadence? 
The birthplace of a mighty and innovative civilisation has had a bad press since its portrayal in the Bible as decadent and corrupt, but an exhibition  at Louvre Lens puts it in an entirely different light.  Polly Chiapetta

East meets West 
Sparked by a chance find in a Brussels antique brocante, an American couple, Sam and Myrna Myers, built up a fine collection of rare and beautiful Eastern art, which is now on show in Montreal.  Dalu Jones

Written in stone 
Going on a search for mysterious rock art and ancient petroglyphs carved and pecked on boulders, scattered across the wild landscapes of the state of Utah, makes for a gratifying road trip.  Carol Chamberland

Classical forms 
Can neuroscience explain how features of local landscape influenced Greek and Roman architecture – and even dress? One civilisation preferred angles and straight lines; the other favoured rounded shapes.  John Onians

Boudicca and the buried treasure

The Queen of the Iceni and her warriors burned their way across Roman Britain to Camulodunum (Colchester) where a hidden hoard of gold and silver jewellery that survived the flames has been found. Philip Crummy

Jerusalem the golden

The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s latest lavish exhibition focuses on the City of Peace from the years 1000-1400, illustrating how it survived this period of transition with its competing powers and faiths. Dominic Green 

What’s your poison?

In the ancient world magical potions and elixirs were used to secure health or love and, sometimes, to cause death but it was often hard to tell if this was sorcery or just plain criminality. Erich B Anderson

The axe of time

The revolutionary implement that defined the Neolithic world was the polished stone axe, which was not only used to cut down trees but became an object of trade, a religious symbol and an indicator of status. David Miles

Deadlier than the male

In the male-dominated Graeco-Roman world, women were sometimes cited as the cause of conflicts, but they also took an active part in warfare, even leading armies, and sometimes engaging in single combat.  Paul Chrystal

War and peace

Well-known for his biographies and books on Roman military history, 
Dr Adrian Goldsworthy explains how writing works of fiction, set during the Napoleonic Wars, gives him much greater freedom. Diana Bentley

Paddy power

A group of travellers follows in the footsteps of the famous travel writer Patrick Leigh Fermor through Greece to his home in the Mani, which will one day open as a writers’ retreat. Dominic Green

Writing on the Wall
It is logical to suppose that the emperor Hadrian had Hadrian’s Wall constructed, but various theories over the centuries have drawn diverse conclusions about this – and other matters. David J Breeze

Fragments of the empire
Mosaics from across the Roman Empire on show at the J Paul Getty Museum reveal the intricate relationship between violence and beauty, 
an idea inherited from the Greeks. Dominic Green 

Isis in Italy
The beguiling Ancient Egyptian goddess, who attracted many Roman cult followers, is being celebrated in three intriguing exhibitions at museums in Pompeii, Naples and Turin. Dalu Jones

It’s a very hot topic
350 years ago the Great Fire of London blazed across the city changing its face forever – how did it start, what did witnesses say about this terrible conflagration and how much damage was done? Meriel Jeater

 A colourful past
Thanks to its founder, the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, has a collection of illuminated manuscripts that is second to none – as an exhibition celebrating its 200th anniversary shows. Theresa Thompson

Standing up for the Classics
The writer, broadcaster and lapsed comedian Natalie Haynes describes how she uses the wit and wisdom of the ancient world to amuse and enlighten modern audiences. Lindsay Fulcher

Power to the people?
Athens is widely believed to be the birthplace of democracy, but would the kind of voting system practised in the agora be acceptable anywhere in the world today? Paul Cartledge

From archaeologist to matinee idol
Immortalised by David Lean’s 1962 film, TE Lawrence was initially propelled into the limelight by an American showman, who ensured 
he would be remembered in fiction – as well as in fact. Neil Faulkner

Call for the cavalry
Influenced by rider cultures across an expanding empire, the use of horses and horse-archers became an essential part of the Roman army and equine imagery was used to reflect social status. Jonathan Coulston

 A brief history of RoMEC
The study of Roman military equipment has grown into an international conference series held in venues across Europe. Jonathan Coulston

 Treasures from the Sicilian Seas
The valuable cargoes of Phoenician, Greek, Roman and Byzantine ships that sank while sailing round Sicily have been retrieved by marine archaeologists and are on show in the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. Theresa Thompson

 In the garden of earthly delights
Restored gardens in Naples and Pompeii and a colourful exhibition in Italy's National Archaeological Museum show how, in antiquity, nature was permeated by invisible, mythical forces as well as tangible ones. Dalu Jones 

The splendour of the Seljuqs
A nomadic Turkman tribe that wielded power in the Near East for three centuries, the Seljuks developed a sophisticated court culture, as can be seen in a show at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Dominic Green

 A bite of the golden apple
Classicist Emily Hauser has chosen to make two women of Troy, minor players in Homer's Iliad, the heroines of her debut novel, the first volume of the proposed 'Golden Apple Trilogy'. Diana Bentley

The adventures of Heinrich Schliemann
The controversial German archaeologist, who died 125 years ago, made some spectacular discoveries at Troy, Mycenae and Tiryns that changed our thinking about the ancient world. Caroline Moorehead

Digging deep into Israel
Travel to the Middle East is greatly curtailed by war and civil unrest these days, but Israel can still offer a wide variety of archaeological sites that can easily be visited. Dominic Green

March/April 2016
The father of invention Leonardo da Vinci, the original Renaissance man, was an artistic genius and a prolific designer of machines, inspired by his close observation of nature; as can be seen at London's Science Museum.  Lindsay Fulcher  

The power of Pergamon Ravishing ancient treasures in a new exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum in New York reveal that the Hellenic kingdoms reached a cultural and artistic pinnacle in the city of Pergamon. Dominic Green 

Queen of the desert Intrepid traveller, archaeologist, writer and political adviser in the midst of decisive Middle Eastern events, Gertrude Bell lived an extraordinary life that has inspired a new biography and, now, a film. Lisa Cooper 

Leading a life of luxury  With evidence of a well-stocked wine cellar and colourful frescoes, the palace at Tel Kabri in Israel shows trade links between the Aegean and the Levant stretched back to the time of the Minoans. Dominic Green 

Underground Rome Ancient houses, temples and churches hidden for centuries beneath the streets of the Eternal City are seeing the light of day – and some of them can be visited. Dalu Jones 

Remembrance of things past Although the antiquarian and collector Sir John Soane had a penchant for antiquities, he also had his eyes firmly fixed on the future – as  an exhibition on the architecture of legacy shows. Lucia Marchini  

A must for Late  Bronze Age fans David Gibson, Archaeological Manager of Cambridge Archaeological Unit, talks about his exciting discoveries – which have been compared to those at Pompeii – at Must Farm. Diana Bentley  

The genius in the cave The glorious Palaeolithic paintings, drawings and sculpture in the caves and rock shelters of the Dordogne and the Lot in France are nothing short of an artistic revelation.  Lindsay Fulcher 

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Now available for iPad, Minerva magazine gives anyone with an interest in archaeology and antiquities a compelling insight into the ancient world. Minerva explores the lost civilisations of the past, from Ancient Egypt to Greece, Rome and the mighty empires of the Middle East and Asia.

For over 25 years, Minerva has revealed record-breaking auction results, exciting new finds, and untold stories of the distant past, spanning the Stone Age to the Dark Ages and beyond. 

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Minerva Magazine - May/June 2015

Minerva Magazine - May/June 2015

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