Dwarf Avocado Cultivars: Dynamite In Small Packages

As fruit farmers are pushed to produce more with less, so the trend towards dwarf trees has gained momentum. Dwarf avocado trees offer the benefits of a compact orchard and savings in labour and production costs. Lindi Botha spoke to farm manager Simon Dunshea in Mpumalanga.

With rising input costs and increasingly limited resources, many fruit producers are constantly looking for ways to increase yield in their orchards.

Simon Dunshea, the farm manager of Twycross farm in Schagen, Mpumalanga, had this in mind when the first dwarf variety of avocados were planted on the farm.

“My ultimate goal is to have a high-production orchard, with smaller trees planted at a higher density and giving higher tonnage per hectare,” he says.

Dunshea cultivates 125ha of avocados on the family farm, of which 50ha are planted to Hass, 15ha to the dwarf Gem variety, and 60ha to green-skin varieties such as Fuerte and Pinkerton. But Twycross will eventually replace all of the green-skin varieties with Gem due to the benefits of dwarf trees.

The black-skinned Hass is the most popular avocado variety globally, making up 90% of exports worldwide. However, this also results in a glut in the market during peak season, when both South Africa and Peru send fruit simultaneously to Europe, South Africa’s largest export market. Local producers then see prices reduce drastically while they are marketing the bulk of their harvest.

It was with this in mind that the Gem variety was brought to South Africa by Westfalia Fruit, as it is a black-skin variety that can compete with Hass, but comes into production later in the year, bypassing the glut in the market. It also has the added advantage of being a dwarf tree, which is a more manageable size and costs less to prune, harvest and spray.

SMALLER TREES, FEWER PROBLEMS

According to Dunshea, the main drawback of the popular Hass variety is its voracious growth.