Pericles & Fabius

Pericles and Quintus Fabius Maximus were leaders who had to steer their political communities through very difficult times.

- Justin D. Lyons

Pericles led Athens during the Peloponnesian War that pitted Athens and its allies against Sparta and its allies in the fifth century b.c.e. Fabius guided Rome during the Second Punic War with Carthage in the third century b.c.e. In both cases, the greatest challenge each faced was convincing his own doubtful and anxious countrymen to maintain a winning strategy.

Pericles… was born into a noble and wealthy family and had an excellent education in rhetoric and philosophy. Early on, he showed a remarkable calmness and selfcontrol. This philosophical composure and serenity would serve him well in the political struggles ahead.

Fifth-century b.c.e. Athens was divided between the party of the people and the aristocracy, the wealthy few. Those in public life had to choose one or the other. The leader of the aristocrats was Cimon. To oppose him, Pericles joined the party of the people. He sponsored banquets and parades to keep the people happy. Opinion was divided as to whether he governed for the good of the city or simply to acquire power. It was both.

Under Pericles’ leadership, Athens became wealthier and stronger. It also became more beautiful and more refined. Pericles promoted the arts and literature, ushering in a golden age that made Athens the cultural center of ancient Greece. He also funded numerous building projects, including the famous Parthenon on the Acropolis (see above).

Once Pericles achieved political dominance, he worked to check the passions of the people.