Pelargoniums

Proudly South African

- Gerald Schofield

The genus Pelargonium consists of some 230 different species, many of which are of southern African origin. For the past three centuries they have been extensively bred, resulting in an array of flowering plants that are grown globally for their brightly coloured blooms borne over a long period. The common name ‘geranium’ causes some confusion in the plant world, but most gardeners use the term with familiarity and affection. Everybody knows a geranium but few realise that pelargonium is the correct name from a botanical point of view.

Classification

Despite the fact that there are so many different pelargoniums, those used in the garden are usually classified into four main groups depending on their lineage and growth habit. This makes it easy to identify the plants and to be able to grow them in the correct environment for them to perform successfully.

1. Ivy-leafed or trailing pelargoniums (Pelargonium peltatum) 

Distinguishing characteristics include trailing stems with lobed leaves of firm waxy texture, almost succulent in appearance. Clusters of single or double flowers are produced on stems held above the foliage. Colours include white, pink, red, mauve and purple. Many bi-coloured hybrids are also available, mainly in red and white combinations.

2. Bush or zonal pelargoniums (Pelargonium zonale) 

These are the most commonly cultivated pelargoniums of all and are often referred to as bush geraniums. Bushy shrubs with upright succulent stems, they have leaves that are rounded in shape and are green with a darker centre and a soft, velvety texture. Many variegated leaf forms can also be found. Flowers are single or double on stems above the foliage, and colours include white, red, scarlet, orange, pink and salmon.