The biggest threats to horse health in South Africa

Janine Ryan looks at the most threatening diseases and conditions in South Africa that impact horses and other equines, including colic, laminitis and Cushing's disease.

While our reliance on horses has decreased over the years with the invention of the combustion engines, horses are still used on farms and in rural areas as means of transport or for farm work. They are also important for many as pets or recreational animals. Unfortunately, as with all animals, there are various disease and conditions that can lead to severe illness or death in horses and other equines. Some of these are discussed below, but the list is in no means exhaustive.

COLIC

Description: Colic refers to abdominal pain caused by gastrointestinal issues. It can be due to gas, impaction, or twisted intestines.

Symptoms: Rolling, pawing, sweating and refusal to eat.

Prevention: Consistent feeding schedules, access to clean water and regular dental care.

Colic is one of the leading causes of death in horses, but is not caused by a pathogen. Colic is particularly dangerous for horses due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Horses have a complex and elongated digestive system, making them highly susceptible to various gastrointestinal disturbances, such as blockages, gas build-up and twists (torsions) in their intestines. The horse's inability to vomit exacerbates the situation, as they cannot expel harmful substances or relieve pressure in their stomach, leading to severe pain and the potential for stomach or intestinal rupture.

There are several causes of colic, including dietary indiscretions, sudden changes in feed, lack of water intake, and internal parasites, adding to the complexity of diagnosing and treating the condition.