SODIUM-ION BATTERIES: The Emerging Alternative To Lithium-Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are gaining attention as one of the most viable next-generation alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the abundance of material resources and low cost

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have unmatched energy density and versatility. From electronic gadgets to electric vehicles (EVs), they are widely used, and their popularity is increasing day by day as they provide fast-charging rates and long life cycle. However, their ever-increasing application, global demand, and rising cost due to the declining availability of lithium and other raw materials such as cobalt, copper, and nickel are causing unprecedented pressure on the supply chain. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as the most promising technology for replacing LIBs, as they share the same fundamental working principle, cell construction, power delivery characteristics, and wide application due to their low charging time, greater life cycle, and low cost.

SIBs use raw materials that are abundant, cheaper, have a reduced impact on the environment, and provide better safety during operation and transportation. Additionally, they can be discharged completely to zero volts, causing no risk of thermal runaway, and perform effectively at temperatures ranging from as low as minus 20 degrees Celsius to as high as plus 65 degrees Celsius. Therefore, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as a viable technology on the cusp of commercialisation. Presently, SIBs are considered most suited for applications such as short-range electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems. They also have the potential to store renewable energy generated from sources like solar and wind power and can serve as a more cost-effective choice for electric vehicles.

Evolution of the sodium-ion batteries technology