It was an easy day for Malini Sharma (name changed) who is an external advisor and investment committee member to private equity (PE) funds in India. But in the evening of October 19, a circular on the website of markets regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) brought in a series of amendments to the Alternative Investment Funds (AIF) Regulations of 2012. This is not unusual, but of late, Sebi is on a spree of issuing circulars on AIF guidelines, and tightening regulations around this largely independent sector, which is usually less-understood by the common folk.
Sharma, however, is not common folk. A PE investor for the last two decades, she sits on the boards of some of the largest homegrown funds in India. Yet, she is worried. To know why we have to first understand how Indian PE funds work.
PE and venture capital (VC) funds in India register themselves as AIFs and are governed by AIF regulations that came into effect in 2012 after Sebi repealed the Venture Capital Fund (VCF) regulation of 1996.
Fund managers have to raise a minimum of ₹1 crore from each investor and they cannot have more than 1,000 investors in each fund. Sebi has specified that fund managers, as part of their skin the game, have to invest 2.5 percent of the fund value or $1 million, whichever is lower. But Sebi has not specified the rules for internal fund structures or for penalising members in the fund.
Globally, PE and VC funds usually have very lean teams and they constitute an investment committee (IC), comprising the decision-makers of the fund, experienced professionals and marquee names from the industry. In most fund constructs, the IC has a final say in whether a fund manager should go ahead with the deal or not. Almost all homegrown Indian funds follow this structure.
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