The Arihant Watershed
India Today|November 19, 2018

India recently took its first steps towards establishing the third leg of a nuclear triad: the ability to launch nuclear weapons from under the sea.

Sandeep Unnithan
The Arihant Watershed

On November 5, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that India’s first indigenous ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), the INS Arihant, had completed its first deterrent patrol.

A strategic deterrent patrol is one where an SSBN with a full complement of nuclear-tipped missiles sails towards its intended area of deployment and within range of an adversary’s targets. In case of an attack by a nuclear-armed adversary, India’s Nuclear Command Authority (NCA) can order the submarine to launch its weapons.

The prime minister’s statement assumes significance because it also hints at having established a command chain—the NCA’s ability to communicate with a submarine lurking in the depth of the ocean. In the Arihant’s case, the order will be passed via a sophisticated Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) communication system near Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu. The Arihant returned to its base in

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