Kristalina Georgieva said high inflation across advanced economies was "not fully defeated" and could require a longer wait before reducing borrowing costs.
The IMF managing director alluded to the political pressure that central bank chiefs were likely to face in a pivotal election year for the US, UK and European Union.
"On this final stretch, it is doubly important that central banks uphold their independence," she said, adding: "Where necessary, policymakers must resist calls for early interest rate cuts. Premature easing could see new inflation surprises that may even necessitate a further bout of monetary tightening."
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