On the hop

A horse on three legs is a clear cause for concern. Sarah Woods MRCVS explains the possible causes of serious lameness and how it should be handled

- Sarah Woods

A SEVERE lameness would be described as one that is visible at the walk or causes the horse to become non-weight bearing. It can be alarming to discover as an owner, but as with any injury or illness, it is important to remain calm so you can gather all the necessary information. Around 15% of Equicall equine emergency service visits are for lameness issues, of which most are severe due to the nature of out-of-hours work.

In most cases, irrespective of the underlying cause, the horse will at least require analgesia and anti-inflammatories. These are prescription-only medications, so veterinary attendance will be required.

Common causes of a sudden severe lameness include:

● A foot abscess. This is a frequent occurrence. While an abscess might require veterinary attention, it is not a true emergency.

● Laminitis. Although often gradual and characteristic in its onset, laminitis can have a sudden and severe onset. The time of year and known endocrine disease (such as equine metabolic disease and Cushing's disease) can be useful indicators. Veterinary attendance is usually required, especially with a new and severe case.

● Cellulitis. This is relatively common and is usually accompanied by a single swollen limb which is painful to even a light touch, frequently called lymphangitis. There will often be a minor graze or other break in the skin surface present. The horse may also have a temperature and as a result seem systemically unwell, or "off colour". These horses will generally require veterinary attention in a timely manner.

● Tendon or ligament injuries. These are often indicated by focal swellings and are more frequently associated with exercise. Again, veterinary attention in a timely manner is needed, although these are not necessarily emergencies.