Boosting growth, balancing stability
Business Standard|December 24, 2024
In 2025, macro policies will need to support domestic demand, but without compromising on macrofinancial stability risks
SONAL VARMA
Boosting growth, balancing stability

The year 2024 can be characterized as a "strong start, weaker finish" for India's economy. It started with Goldilocks-like settings, with real gross domestic product (GDP) growth closer to 8 percent and gradually easing inflation. In the last few months, however, policy tradeoffs have worsened, due to a sharper-than-expected slump in GDP growth, higher food inflation, and currency depreciation pressures. As we turn the page, what does 2025 hold in store?

The global backdrop appears challenging: Uncertainty remains high due to Trump 2.0 policies. We expect President-elect Donald Trump to strike fast and hard on imposing tariffs, leading to a pickup in US inflation and just one Fed cut, in March, followed by a pause for the remainder of 2025. China is likely to announce more fiscal stimulus, but this is unlikely to drive a sustainable recovery, given the economy is not in a normal downcycle. These factors could slow global GDP growth to 2.9 percent year-on-year in 2025, down from 3.2 percent in 2024. For India, this implies reduced dependence on exports as a growth engine and increased reliance on domestic demand.

Cycling down on growth: Many believe the surprise slump in GDP growth to 5.4 percent in Q2 FY25 was a one-off, and the economy will bounce back to 6.5-7.0 percent over coming quarters, supported by higher government spending and a rural recovery. This looks difficult.

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