While India's digital and innovation economy is growing thrice as fast as the rest of the economy, with the aim of reaching a size of $1 trillion soon, the central government under Prime Minister Narendra Modi has invested in both semiconductors and AI.
AI has seen remarkable growth in recent years: Compared with 2018, when a 340 million-parameter model was considered "big", ChatGPT today has 1.8 trillion parameters, Gemini 1.5 trillion, and China's DeepSeek 240 billion.
But this truly remarkable growth is concentrated in just a few companies in just a few countries. For a world struggling to deal with the power of the Big Tech, the coming second wave of AI also presents new challenges. As Economist Nouriel Roubini says, "this wakeup call from the future warns of just what's coming, and what the global economic and political implications are likely to be".
The impact of AI is deep and profound. It has become critical not just for economic/digital sovereignty but also national security. I make a case here for India to have its own "Sovereign AI" strategy - to develop, control, and deploy its own AI capabilities, even as it partners with other countries and companies. This will be critical as we look to our future as one of the top-three economies.
Strategic importance
The race for AI supremacy is about technological advancements. It also represents a fundamental shift in how nations will drive economic growth and competitiveness in this decade. The countries that rely solely on foreign AI risk compromising their strategic independence, data sovereignty, and economic capabilities.
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