An investigation by HRW alleges that while most automotive firms have strict human rights standards to audit their global supply chains they may not be applying the same rigorous sourcing rules for their operations inside China.
This includes joint venture firms in China that make models for foreign brands for just the local market, and also those that manufacture cars for export and parts sent worldwide.
While HRW holds broad concerns that aluminium produced by forced labour in Xinjiang could be spreading to car-making around the globe, its report identified those five companies - Toyota, Volkswagen, General Motors, Tesla and BYD - because of particular concerns over their links to specific factories and companies within China.
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