Victor Ambros, of the University of Massachusetts medical school, and Gary Ruvkun, of Harvard medical school and Massachusetts general hospital, have been awarded the prize for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
Announced by the Nobel assembly at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, the winners will share a prize of 11m kronor (£810,000).
Their work helped explain how, despite all our cells carrying the same DNA, they can produce different proteins. For example, nerve cells and muscle cells are highly specialised despite containing the same DNA.
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