Ahead of the meeting, the UN had implored leaders of the world's richest economies to rescue stalled climate talks in Azerbaijan by boosting funding for developing countries struggling with global warming.
G-20 members, who are divided on who should pay, did not make such commitments, saying only that the trillions of dollars needed would come "from all sources".
"The leaders are kicking the can back to Baku," said Mr Mick Sheldrick, co-founder of the advocacy group Global Citizen, referring to the capital of Azerbaijan where the UN climate talks are taking place.
"This is probably going to make it harder to achieve an agreement," he said.
The risk of an escalation in the war in Ukraine and the prospect of a return of US President-elect Trump's isolationist "America First" policies also dominated the talks in Brazil.
US President Ioe Biden is at-tending the summit but as a lame duck eclipsed by China's Xi Jinping, who has cast himself as a protector of the international order in the new Trump era.
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