This issue features our annual list of the Top 10 Discoveries of the Year, including a Moche queen’s splendidly painted throne room, the surprising origins of the Scythians, and petroglyphs carved alongside 140-million-year old dinosaur tracks in Brazil. We also bring you on a trek into the mountains of Guatemala, where Maya artists created murals depicting elaborate dance performances. Follow along as researchers decipher passages from lost Greek tragedies that were preserved on a discarded papyrus. And dive down to a medieval ship carrying precious marble bound for England’s grandest cathedrals. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Explore the lives of gladiators who entertained the masses in the arenas of Anatolia. Visit one of ancient Persia’s most revered Zoroastrian fire temples, where Sasanian kings worshipped from the 3rd through 7th century A.D. Examine eccentric bronze artifacts that are transforming archaeologists’ understanding of a legendary Chinese kingdom. And travel to Serbia’s Pannonian Plain, where archaeologists have discovered more than 100 megasites built by a previously unknown Bronze Age civilization. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Explore how cutting-edge advances in ancient DNA research are revolutionizing how scientists study the human past. Follow archaeologists on a century-long quest to find the lost Temple of Artemis, one of the most important sanctuaries in the ancient Greek world. Learn why Australia’s Indigenous Wiradjuri people carved sacred symbols into trees. And travel to the icy forests of Siberia, where hunter-gatherer-fishers built imposing forts some 8,000 years ago. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Follow archaeologists as they return to northern Iraq’s city of Nineveh, one of the ancient world’s grandest imperial capitals. Explore the rise of an upstart ruler who established a powerful dynasty amid the collapse of other Maya kingdoms. Marvel at immense stone temples that people across the Indonesian archipelago built to honor their ancestors. And travel to Serbia’s Roman frontier, where archaeologists have discovered traces of a monumental arch dedicated to one of Rome’s most notorious emperors. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Join researchers in the search for lost cities of the ancient world as you travel from Iraq to West Africa and the English Channel to the Black Sea. Trek across the Great Plains in the footsteps of the Wichita, expert bison hunters who constructed forts to secure their homeland. Explore the locales in northern Greece where Alexander the Great spent his youth before he became king. And travel to the Catskill Mountains, where an archaeologist is investigating how construction of New York City’s largest reservoir displaced thousands of rural residents a century ago. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Learn about a militia of formerly enslaved Africans based at a fort in Spanish Florida who fought for their liberty. Explore extraordinary monumental structures across southeastern Turkey that hunter-gatherers built more than 11,000 years ago. Journey to the Andes of northern Peru, where a new generation of leaders claimed power in the first millennium A.D. by connecting themselves to their divine ancestors. And follow researchers as they decode a mysterious ancient script using a royal inscription found in the mountains of Tajikistan. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

This issue features our annual Top 10 Discoveries of the Year, including magical Mesoamerican offerings, the world’s oldest book, and the ruins of the notorious Roman emperor Nero’s private theater. We also bring you on a journey to the island of Cyprus, where enterprising merchants dominated the lucrative copper trade some 3,500 years ago. Learn how hunter-gatherers survived a 1,000-year megadrought in North America’s Great Basin. And step down into narrow subterranean catacombs where members of Rome’s early Jewish community were buried. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Read 4,000-year-old cuneiform letters that provide an intimate look at the personal lives and professional struggles of ancient Assyrian businesswomen. Travel to a sun-drenched Croatian island, where a Roman noblewoman at the highest echelon of society worshipped an Egyptian goddess—in spite of an emperor’s ban on foreign cults. Investigate the mythic origins of the Goths, the warriors who finally conquered Rome. And journey with us to El Salvador, where archaeologists have unearthed remnants of the country’s long-forgotten first capital city. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of Archaeology brings the past to life.

Learn how people throughout the ancient world adopted lions as sacred symbols of power and protection. Travel to northern Ukraine, where archaeologists are unearthing the remnants of a Cossack capital that the Russian czar Peter the Great burned to the ground in 1708. Take a virtual peek beneath an Egyptian mummy’s wrappings with researchers using state-of-the-art CT scanning technology. And journey with us to the slopes of Mount Vesuvius, where survivors of the devastating A.D. 79 eruption rebuilt their lives in lavish fashion. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Learn about an ancient African kingdom that thrived at the center of a great maritime trading network. Travel to the Persian capital of Persepolis, where Achaemenid rulers expressed their ambitions for a prosperous, multicultural empire through the city’s grand buildings. Step inside the richly furnished grave of a powerful Celtic woman in France. And journey with us to Patagonia, where hunter-gatherers adapted to some of the world’s most volatile environments over the course of 13,000 years. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Travel to the coastal desert of northern Peru, where the Chimú people built the largest city in the Americas 1,000 years ago. Explore the underwater ruins of an ancient resort town that was once a holiday haven for Roman emperors. Learn how a royal official transformed Egypt’s Persian conquerors into proper pharaohs. And journey with us to the mountains of South Africa, where Indigenous people recorded their resistance to European colonizers in their art. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Explore the myriad ways people of the past met the challenges of harnessing the power and possibilities of water. Learn the true identity of two people buried in Germany with hundreds of ritual objects some 9,000 years ago. Travel to a radiant city in southern Spain that Islamic rulers built to reflect their place in the medieval world. And journey with us to the remote Faroe Islands, where researchers have found evidence of habitation hundreds of years before Vikings are thought to have reached the archipelago’s shores. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

This issue features our annual Top 10 Discoveries of the Year, including a virtual peek inside an Egyptian pharaoh’s mummy, the world’s oldest straws, and a shipwreck found 10,000 feet underwater off the coast of Antarctica. In the rest of the issue, you will learn how Maya queens ascended the ranks in the high-stakes world of Mesoamerican politics. Take a journey to the ancient Greek city of Abdera, whose citizens built a monument to their allies across the Aegean who assisted them in a time of dire need. And travel with us to the plains of southern Wyoming, where a chance discovery led archaeologists to a unique 13,000-year-old mammoth hunting camp. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Learn about the world’s first named author, a priestess whose poems helped create the Akkadian Empire 4,000 years ago. Explore the medieval abbeys founded by entrepreneurial monks who transformed the landscape of northern England. Follow the annual migration of monarch butterflies to the forests of central Mexico, an event that ancient Mesoamerican people may have viewed as a sacred remembrance of fallen warriors. Take a peek behind a “false door” that Egyptians believed was a portal to the afterlife. And journey with us to islands off the coast of western Australia, where archaeologists are recovering evidence of a 17th-century shipwreck and the grisly events that befell its survivors. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Learn about the legacy left behind by King Tutankhamun’s family, whose ambitious building projects and revolutionary religious ideas forever changed the face of Egypt. Explore the wreck of a 19th-century whaling ship that was crewed by a diverse group of New Englanders. Follow archaeologists as they unearth evidence of Berlin’s medieval origins beneath the modern city. And journey with us to Saudi Arabia, where herders built mysterious tombs that marked vital pathways across the desert some 5,000 years ago. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Travel across Egypt’s Eastern Desert with the ancient workers who helped build the Great Pyramid 4,500 years ago. Explore the hidden traces of the 1893 World’s Fair beneath the streets and parks of Chicago. Learn how new discoveries are helping archaeologists to reconsider the origins and history of the Philistines, the infamous nemeses of the ancient Israelites. And journey with us to 16th-century Mexico, where an unusual democratic society flourished in the face of Aztec imperialism. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Learn how a massive trove of Viking silver and Anglo-Saxon heirlooms is giving researchers a glimpse into the shifting political landscape of 9th-century Britain. Investigate the unusual burial of a prominent freedman in a previously unexplored cemetery outside Pompeii’s walls. Explore the world of Egyptian demons, supernatural beings who protected—and tormented—people in both life and death. And travel with us to the coast of California, where archaeologists are uncovering how Native Americans preserved their ancient traditions in the face of Spanish colonization. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Learn how the emperor Constantine fashioned his triumphal arch to reflect his vision of Rome’s past and future. Follow researchers as they mine the ruins of Notre Dame for evidence of the famous cathedral’s medieval origins that have only recently come to light in the aftermath of the devastating 2019 fire. Explore the reign of Babylon’s eccentric last king, Nabonidus, who may have been a savvier politician than previously thought. And dive with us into the North Sea, where archaeologists are exploring a lost world submerged 8,000 years ago. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

This issue features our annual Top 10 Discoveries of the Year, including 23,000-year-old evidence of humans in North America, a rare Roman boundary marker, and one of the largest ancient Egyptian cities ever unearthed. In the rest of the issue, learn about the innovative techniques researchers from around the world are using to reveal how ancient artists painted mummy portraits in Roman Egypt. Explore the art of Chinese calligraphy through the early career of one of its masters. And travel with us to the Galapagos Islands, where archaeologists are uncovering the forgotten human history of the remote archipelago famous for its natural wonders. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Explore the last ancient Egyptian temples on the Nile island of Philae, where Nubians gave new life to a vanishing religious tradition. Visit a 3,500-year-old pool in northern Italy that an industrious people built to celebrate their agricultural bounty. Travel with us to New Mexico’s White Sands National Park, where scientists have uncovered fossilized footprints that show how Ice Age humans and megafauna interacted more than 10,000 years ago. And learn about the complicated history being unearthed at a coastal castle in Ghana. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Follow in the footsteps of ancient pilgrims who sailed from across the Greek world to a remote Aegean island to be initiated into a mystery cult’s secret rites. Visit the coast of southern Florida to discover how the creative Calusa people built an island capital and forged a mighty empire. Learn how people of the past attended to their minds, bodies, and souls. And journey to the far reaches of northern Britain, where a resilient tribe known as the Picts resisted Roman invasion. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Explore a thriving merchant city in Syria whose rise and fall more than 3,000 years ago was recorded on thousands of cuneiform tablets. Relax in an unexpected garden refuge in Pompeii adorned with paintings that transport you to the ancient Nile. Travel with us to the South Pacific to discover how a dynasty of chiefs united the islands of Tonga into a state that endured for nearly a millennium. And visit a remote Alaskan island where evidence of a World War II battle between American and Japanese forces remains frozen in time. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Visit the 11,000-year-old stone circles of Göbekli Tepe in Turkey, which may have been built by Ice Age hunters seeking to preserve their vanishing way of life. Learn how taxpayers throughout history bankrolled rulers and sustained growing empires. Journey to the coast of Iceland, where archaeologists have found evidence that Viking settlers arrived on the island earlier than previously thought. And travel with us to an ancient Greek fortress that loomed over the contested borderland between the rival city-states of Athens and Thebes. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Visit a bustling settlement in the Arabian Desert where a spice trading power reigned some 2,500 years ago. Explore a mountain cabin outside San Diego that has given archaeologists a glimpse into the real life of the charismatic Nathan Harrison, a formerly enslaved man who became the area’s first African American homesteader and a California legend at the turn of the 20th century. Travel with us to the ruined city of Reccopolis in central Spain, where the Visigoths established their kingdom’s new capital in the wake of the Western Roman Empire’s final collapse. And journey to the dense highland forests of Peru and learn how archaeologists are using drone-mounted lasers to map the evolution of an ancient citadel. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

This issue features our annual Top 10 Discoveries of the Year, including dozens of painted sarcophagi from Egypt’s vast cemetery at Saqqara, a groundbreaking technique for radiocarbon dating pottery, and an underground shrine dedicated to Rome’s mythical founder. We’ve also scoured our archives to bring you more extraordinary finds, from which we have selected the Top 10 Discoveries of the Decade. In the rest of the issue, travel with us to Germany, where a 4,000-year-old ringed sanctuary reveals continental Europe’s surprising connections to Stonehenge. And follow in the footsteps of Lawrence of Arabia through the sands of Jordan as archaeologists uncover traces of a bitter World War I–era guerilla conflict. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

See how Old Kingdom pharaohs saved Egypt from financial collapse and reshaped the balance of power following their predecessors’ costly construction of the pyramids at Giza. Journey to the Peruvian coast, where for 1,000 years the Paracas people wove colorful textiles for their ancestors. Travel with us to medieval Mongolia to learn how a nomadic dynasty controlled rival nomads by building a 450-mile wall. And read about a luxury purple dye industry on Israel’s Mediterranean coast that thrived for millennia. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Explore how decades of excavation in the deserts of northern Sudan have revealed the stunning remains of a cosmopolitan royal capital built by a mix of indigenous African cultures. Journey with the ancestors of the Apache and Navajo as they cross 1,500 miles from Subarctic Canada to the American Southwest to settle in the land where their identity was formed. Travel with us to South Africa to learn about the seventeenth-century roots of that complex modern nation. And discover the surprising history of the island of Alcatraz before it became home to the infamous prison we know from the movies. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

See how the status-conscious Maya used clothes, jewelry, and body modification to communicate their position in society, be they king, queen, ballplayer, or captive. Journey to faraway Tajikistan where, from the fifth to the eighth century A.D., a forgotten people known as the Sogdians were the merchant princes of Central Asia. Travel with us back to the early middle ages and to Constantinople and explore the newest discoveries in Hagia Sophia, Byzantium’s greatest cathedral. And read about how, even after more than 75 years, the full impact of D-Day on the French landscape is still being unearthed. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Visit Camp Nelson, a Civil War training ground that not only provided enslaved black men with the opportunity to enlist in the Union Army and attain their freedom, but also was home to thousands of refugee women and children who sought liberation with them. Journey to Wyoming to explore the Wind River Range and follow archaeologists as they discover dozens of settlements, some as much as 4,000 years old, at an altitude long thought inhospitable for long-term human occupation. Travel with us to Morocco and to a thriving town on the edge of the Sahara Desert where merchants traded gold, spices, and ideas for centuries. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

Journey to ancient Peru to explore the power of a dangerous deep-sea tradition and how it endured for millennia, travel with us to medieval Ireland to experience an exciting search for the Gaelic kings and their castles, learn about the ancient god Seth, the protector of travelers in Egypt’s far western desert, and follow underwater archaeologists using the latest technology to map the United States’ first peacetime nuclear test at Bikini Atol. In these stories—and so many more—this issue of ARCHAEOLOGY brings the past to life.

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Each issue of Archaeology offers the grit, and the magic, of archaeological discovery with an up-close view of sites around the world. Readers can look forward to the latest news, vivid storytelling, and compelling photography. Archaeology brings the human past to life.

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Archaeology - January/February 2025

Archaeology - January/February 2025

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