The combination of electrification and alternative operating fluids offers considerable optimisation potential for future powertrain concepts in terms of efficiency and emission behaviour for sustainable mobility. To examine the effects of new lubricating oil and fuel formulations in this context, the APL Group uses state-of-the-art, highly dynamic exhaust gas measuring technology and new development methods.
OPERATING FLUIDS: COMPLEX MIXTURES OF HYDROCARBONS
Fuels and lubricating oils are specifically tailored to the technical requirements of modern engines and powertrains. Depending on the manufacturing process, a distinction is made between synthetic operating fluids obtained conventionally (by refining from crude oil) or produced specifically in chemical processes. They are complex mixtures of over 100 different Hydrocarbons (HC). In addition to chainlike molecules, branched structures and other forms of bonding also occur. In hetero compounds, for example, N, O and S are covalently bonded in addition to the elements C and H.
These different substances have different chemical and physical properties. By a suitable combination of hydrocarbons and other additive components, the desired properties of fuels and lubricating oils can be specifically adjusted. For example, the evaporation behaviour and the viscosity are largely determined by the molecular size or the number of bonded C atoms, 1.
By means of simulated distillation using gas chromatography, the hydrocarbon mixtures can be analysed in the laboratory. The organic molecules are separated according to their boiling point, whereby substances with a low boiling point elute at the beginning of the analysis. 2 shows the chromatograms of individual examples of gasoline and diesel fuel as well as lubricating oils of different viscosity classes. It becomes clear that the operating fluids are composed of a large number of different hydrocarbons. In contrast, the chromatogram of the low-volatile alkane tritriacontane is shown as a single substance.
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Sound Generation For Enhanced Road Safety
With an ever-increasing number of fully electric and hybrid vehicles entering the market, we are witnessing a change in the acoustic experience in and around the car. The silent nature of the electric powertrain means that other road users miss the familiar acoustic cues that warn them of an approaching vehicle. To remedy this situation, Harman is working on various noise management solutions.
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY CONTRIBUTION OF TODAY'S AUTOMOTIVE HEADLAMPS
Good lighting makes a major contribution to road safety. In 2011, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) presented an evaluation system for headlamps that can objectively assess the quality of illumination and glare limitation. New light sources like LEDs and lighting functions (glare-free high beam, partial high beam) have been available for several years, so that an extension of the proven CIE method is necessary, which takes into account, among other things, changed switch-on and service lives of new lighting functions and represents a generally understandable evaluation system. An evaluation system presented in the following by the Technische Uni versität Darmstadt, which was developed by an encompassing expert commission, is intended to provide representative data and enable an objective evaluation of headlamp performance.
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“BYD'S EV STRATEGY TO ENCOMPASS MOST FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION NEEDS IN INDIA”
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SAFETY IN ELECTRIC AND AUTONOMOUS CARS – SIMULATION OF COMPLEX CRASH SCENARIOS
Electric and autonomous vehicles allow for novel seating arrangements and packaging strategies, presenting new safety challenges. Physical crash testing must be supplemented with virtual simulation to ensure vehicle safety on shorter development cycles. With its Simcenter Madymo MBS software, Siemens provides improved runtimes and the Active Human model, enabling accurate and rapid occupant safety analysis in complex crash scenarios.
KIA SONET – A MIGHTY OFFERING IN THE COMPACT SUV SEGMENT
It wouldn't be wrong to say that Kia Motors India has taken the Indian market by storm in less than 12 months of its presence in the market.
NISSAN'S NEW DIRECTION: ARIYA ALL-ELECTRIC
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BETTER SAFETY WITH EMERGENCY BRAKE ASSIST FOR MOTORCYCLES
Rear-end collisions with a slower vehicle suddenly cutting into the lane and intersection accidents with cross-traffic are among the most frequent motorcycle accident types. Continental is now developing an emergency brake assist, which detects an imminent collision with a vehicle ahead or with an obstacle, warns the rider and supports him during braking
ADAS WILL SERVE AS CATALYST FOR IMPROVED VEHICLE SAFETY
The automotive industry across the globe is increasingly focussing on safety.
