A method of increasing efficiency of internal combustion engines, while keeping a check on their emissions, is by adopting an optimal fuel supply system.
The most ideal level of air and fuel mixture into the engine is a key factor in the power performance of the engine as well as for the amount of tailpipe emissions. While these fuel systems are common for all types of vehicles, we will focus on the two-wheeler segment and the strides it has taken with regards to various technologies.
CARBURETTORS
The traditional method of providing fuel to the engine has been through a mechanical system called the carburettor. A carburettor contains jets that push the fuel into the combustion chambers of the engine, with the amount of fuel flow depending completely on the amount of air capable of being sucked into the system. The carburettor is a purely mechanical system that needs to be tuned and cleaned at regular intervals in order to function properly. Dust and other impurities in the fuel that pass through the filtration systems on the carburettor could clog jets or other components of the carburettor and lead to improper fuel flow to the combustion chamber.
Carburation is a favoured and ideal system in two-wheelers, especially those with single cylinders, since it is a simple mechanical system free of any electrical or electronic devices. In addition, the simplicity of the system also makes it a lowcost fuel system technology. However, the main issue with obtaining the best performance using a carburettor is that it cannot monitor the air-to-fuel ratio for each individual cylinder of multi-cylinder engines. Therefore, a single carburettor can only approximate the best fuel-to-air ratio for each cylinder’s performance, unless there are separate carburettors for each cylinder of the engine.
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