Penetrant Testing (PT) and Magnetic Particle Testing (MT): Some of the conventional ways of detecting surface-breaking defects in metal and other nonporous materials are Penetrant testing (PT) and magnetic particle testing (MT). These NDT technologies have been used for decades but, with their own set of limitations in functionalities i.e. PT is capable of detecting only surface cracks and involves human intervention in handling chemicals, while MT is applicable on ferromagnetic materials alone. The other challenges for both methods include surface preparation and chemical disposal which are often timeconsuming even with a skilled inspector without the provision of a detailed digital record of the inspection results. In case of a hazardous or hard to reach area, further delay can be expected.
Ultrasonic Testing: In case of ultrasonic testing, the instruments and probes initiate high-frequency sound energy to detect defects such as porosities, delamination, and foreign particles in composites and anisotropies. The defects usually occur on the surface or within a layer of fibre or resin, often introduced during the materials fabrication. With immediate and precise results, along with a digital template that can share and store data, ultrasonic testing addresses some of the challenges encountered with PT or MT.
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