When one thinks of FGM/C (Female Genital Mutilation/ Cutting), many think it is only prevalent in the African region. However, recent media reports and research show that the practice also prevails in Sri Lanka, especially among certain sects of the Muslim community and the Dawoodi Bohra community, around the island. The earliest available report of FGM/C in the country dates back to 1996. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that over 200 million girls and ladies have been subjected to the practice in the African, Middle Eastern and Asian regions. According to the WHO, FGM/C is defined as ‘procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.’
According to the WHO FGM/C is classified into four types:
Type 1- Partial/ total removal of the external visible part of the clitoris (clitoral glans) and/ or the prepuce/clitoral hood.
Type 2- Partial/total removal of the clitoral glans and labia minora with/without removal of the labia majora.
Type 3- narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a seal. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning of the labia minora/labia majora, sometimes through stitching, with/without removal of the prepuce/clitoral hood and glans.
Type 4- includes all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, such as pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterising the genital area.
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