Of more than 200 goat breeds worldwide, the ones called dairy goats produce more milk than they need to raise young to weaning age kids. In the U.S., we have six main dairy breeds: Alpine, LaMancha, Nubian, Oberhasli, Saanen and Toggenberg. Two other popular breeds are the Sable, which is a Saanen of a different color, and the diminutive Nigerian Dwarf.
In choosing a breed for dairy goats, consider one that appeals to you in terms of coat color and ear style - long floppy ears, pointed ears or no ears. Also consider the goat's size relative to your own size - a smaller person might prefer a smaller breed - and the amount of space available for keeping goats.
Climate is yet another consideration. Alpines, Oberhaslis, Saanens and Toggenburgs originated in the mountains of Switzerland and are grouped as Swiss breeds. They have upright ears, straight or slightly dished faces and shaggy coats for warmth in cool climates.
La Manchas, Nigerian Dwarfs and Nubians are called the desert breeds. The Nigerian Dwarf came from West Africa; the Nubian, from the desert areas of the Middle East, North Africa and India; and the LaMancha, from Spain by way of Mexico. These shorthaired breeds thrive in warm climates.
By far the most important considerations for dairy goats are health and milk output. Don't be shy about asking to examine health and milk records of a doe you intend to buy.
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