Mohammad Farooq, 28, planned to "kill as many nurses as possible".
But the hospital worker was talked down from detonating his pressure cooker bomb by Nathan Newby, who saw him acting agitatedly outside.
The patient called the police, who arrested Farooq at St James's Hospital in Leeds on January 20 last year.
He was found with 10kg of low explosive, two knives, black tape and a blankfiring, imitation firearm.
Prosecutor Jonathan Sandiford KC said Farooq's plan was to detonate the bomb then stab as many people as possible before using the fake gun to incite police to shoot him dead. He had immersed himself in an extremist Islamic ideology and went to the hospital to "seek his own martyrdom".
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