The Emergency Lawyers group said the strike injured hundreds in Kabkabiya, a town about 110 miles west of El Fasher, the state capital that has been under siege from the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) since May.
Tens of thousands have been killed and millions displaced in a 20-month war between the RSF and the army that has driven Sudan to the brink of famine, according to aid agencies.
"The airstrike took place on the town's weekly market day, where residents from various nearby villages had gathered to shop, resulting in the death of more than 100 people and injury of hundreds, including women and children," said the group, which has been documenting human rights abuses during the conflict.
It described a "horrendous massacre committed by army airstrikes", though the military denied responsibility. The army said in a statement the accusations were "lies" spread by political parties backing the RSF, adding it would continue "exercising its legitimate right to defend the country".
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