Shackled and wearing a dark prison uniform, Mr Routh, 58, stood before magistrate Judge Ryon M McCabe at the federal courthouse in West Palm Beach, where he was charged with possession of a firearm while a convicted felon and possession of a firearm with an obliterated serial number.
It arrives just one day after law enforcement officials identified Mr Routh as the man who aimed an SKS-style assault rifle at the former president at Trump National Golf Club while Mr Trump was playing a round of golf.
Possession of a firearm while a convicted felon carries a maximum sentence of 15 years in prison and a $250,000 (£189,000) fine. Possession of a firearm with an obliterated serial number carries a maximum sentence of five years in prison, again with a $250,000 fine.
Judge McCabe has set a detention hearing for 23 September and an arraignment for 30 September.
Law enforcement officials say Mr Routh, the owner of United Roofing, was hiding in bushes just a few hundred yards away from the former president when a Secret Service agent spotted the rifle poking through a fence.
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