Automatic WATER TANK FILLING SYSTEM

In India, many houses have two sources of water to fill the rooftop water tank.

- NAMAN TANWAR

These are underground water storage tanks and municipal water supply. Based on the availability, the rooftop tank is filled either with municipal water or with underground tank water with the help of an electric water pump.

Filling the overhead tank by manually switching on the electric water pump requires frequent monitoring of the water level inside the tanks. It also results in the wastage of water when it overflows from the overhead tank. This project aims to fill the overhead tank automatically without any human intervention.

The proposed system determines the level of water in the rooftop tank, checks the availability of sufficient water in the underground tank or municipal supply, and then fills the overhead tank to the desired level using any of the two available sources. The filling of the tank through the municipal supply is controlled through a solenoid valve and the water pump is controlled through a contactor.

The decision-making is done through a microcontroller in Arduino Nano and electronic devices like BJT, MOSFETS, and diodes. The work of the project can be explained through two cases that utilize different water sources based on their availability.

Case 1. Water level in overhead tank is below 75% and municipal supply is not available. In this case, water will be filled through the underground tank using water pump till 75% water level is reached.

Case 2. Water level in the overhead tank is below 100% and municipal supply is available. In this case, water will be filled through the municipal supply to the tank's full capacity. A solenoid valve will be used to stop filling the tank after the tank is fully filled.

Fig. 1 shows the basic design idea of project while circuit diagram of the automatic water system is shown in Fig. 2. The electronic and mechanical components required to make this project are listed in the Bill of Material table.