Everyone is talking about electric vehicles, but nobody can foresee how the markets for battery powered, fuel-cell and combustion-engine vehicles will develop. Which overall CO2 scenario will emerge from which mix of the various options between now and 2030? The Institute of Vehicle Concepts at the German Aerospace Center (DLR Stuttgart) has developed the simulation model “Vector 21”, which makes it possible to evaluate individual technologies in the overall context of a passenger car fleet and the technical, social and political framework conditions. It is thus possible to run through scenarios that can be modelled afresh when the parameters change or are updated. The DLR describes two particular scenarios in this article.
THE VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY SCENARIO MODEL VECTOR 21
The vehicle technology scenario model Vector 21, 1, of the Institute of Vehicle Concepts at the German Aerospace Center, Stuttgart, was developed to pave the way for evaluating individual technologies in the overall context of a passenger car fleet and its framework conditions. The algorithm calculates how individual technologies are used over time, supplanting or supplementing others in the process. Exogenous variables comprise customer behaviour (e.g. what is required of the vehicle), fuel costs, and environmental restrictions (e.g. CO2 emissions of the new car fleet). In each case the lowest-cost solution in terms of total cost of ownership is adopted. The model calculates how technologies and costs develop along with rising production totals, and illustrates cumulative indicators for evaluation.
STRUCTURE OF THE MODEL
In the Vector 21 model, the complexity of the passenger car market is abstracted into three model components:
:: Consumers: characterised as customer groups according to their behaviour;
:: Range of technology (concepts): characterised by the vehicle technologies on offer, their potential, their selling price and their running costs;
:: Exogenous influences: politics, characterised by taxes, subsidies, prohibitions and requirements (CO2 targets), energy price development, availability of infrastructure.
Linking the consumer aspect with the technological range of vehicles considered exclusively here represents a new aspect. Only the new car market is modelled.
DEMAND – THE MODEL FOR MARKET UPTAKE BY THE CUSTOMER
The model for market uptake abstracts customer behaviour by opting for or against buying a particular vehicle/ powertrain (technology range), and therefore generating a technology’s market share from the sum of all purchase decisions.
この記事は Auto Tech Review の January 2018 版に掲載されています。
7 日間の Magzter GOLD 無料トライアルを開始して、何千もの厳選されたプレミアム ストーリー、9,000 以上の雑誌や新聞にアクセスしてください。
すでに購読者です ? サインイン
この記事は Auto Tech Review の January 2018 版に掲載されています。
7 日間の Magzter GOLD 無料トライアルを開始して、何千もの厳選されたプレミアム ストーリー、9,000 以上の雑誌や新聞にアクセスしてください。
すでに購読者です? サインイン
Sound Generation For Enhanced Road Safety
With an ever-increasing number of fully electric and hybrid vehicles entering the market, we are witnessing a change in the acoustic experience in and around the car. The silent nature of the electric powertrain means that other road users miss the familiar acoustic cues that warn them of an approaching vehicle. To remedy this situation, Harman is working on various noise management solutions.
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY CONTRIBUTION OF TODAY'S AUTOMOTIVE HEADLAMPS
Good lighting makes a major contribution to road safety. In 2011, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) presented an evaluation system for headlamps that can objectively assess the quality of illumination and glare limitation. New light sources like LEDs and lighting functions (glare-free high beam, partial high beam) have been available for several years, so that an extension of the proven CIE method is necessary, which takes into account, among other things, changed switch-on and service lives of new lighting functions and represents a generally understandable evaluation system. An evaluation system presented in the following by the Technische Uni versität Darmstadt, which was developed by an encompassing expert commission, is intended to provide representative data and enable an objective evaluation of headlamp performance.
RAPIDO RE-INNOVATES TO CATER TO POST COVID-19 LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY
The rapid pace of urbanisation in the country has witnessed cities expanding and subsuming surrounding villages and smaller towns, evolving into Tier II and III cities.
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY STANDARDS TOP PRIORITY FOR FUTURE AUTOMOTIVE DEPLOYMENT
Increasing levels of electronic content in vehicles result in a large amount of software that is required to run the scenes behind the mechanical aspects of a vehicle. Electronic systems in automobiles are part of every section, from the powertrain to comfort and convenience systems as well as all types of safety equipment. This makes electronics and the software running these systems a critical part of the equation for future mobility solutions. In addition, putting standards in place to measure methods of developing, testing and functioning of such electronic systems also becomes highly relevant.
“BYD'S EV STRATEGY TO ENCOMPASS MOST FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION NEEDS IN INDIA”
The country’s electric vehicle (EV) ecosystem is grappling with a plethora of challenges even as it is striving to wriggle itself out of the ‘nascent stage’ tag. In an exclusive chat with Auto Tech Review, Zhang Jie Ketsu, Executive Director, BYD India shares his perspective on the current EV scenario and how the company intends to progress faster in the Indian automotive industry
SAFETY IN ELECTRIC AND AUTONOMOUS CARS – SIMULATION OF COMPLEX CRASH SCENARIOS
Electric and autonomous vehicles allow for novel seating arrangements and packaging strategies, presenting new safety challenges. Physical crash testing must be supplemented with virtual simulation to ensure vehicle safety on shorter development cycles. With its Simcenter Madymo MBS software, Siemens provides improved runtimes and the Active Human model, enabling accurate and rapid occupant safety analysis in complex crash scenarios.
KIA SONET – A MIGHTY OFFERING IN THE COMPACT SUV SEGMENT
It wouldn't be wrong to say that Kia Motors India has taken the Indian market by storm in less than 12 months of its presence in the market.
NISSAN'S NEW DIRECTION: ARIYA ALL-ELECTRIC
Marking a key milestone in Nissan’s transformation strategy, Ariya ticks a lot of boxes highlighting the strengths of the global automotive giant.
BETTER SAFETY WITH EMERGENCY BRAKE ASSIST FOR MOTORCYCLES
Rear-end collisions with a slower vehicle suddenly cutting into the lane and intersection accidents with cross-traffic are among the most frequent motorcycle accident types. Continental is now developing an emergency brake assist, which detects an imminent collision with a vehicle ahead or with an obstacle, warns the rider and supports him during braking
ADAS WILL SERVE AS CATALYST FOR IMPROVED VEHICLE SAFETY
The automotive industry across the globe is increasingly focussing on safety.
