Every time you hook up a poorly-protected device to your network, you run the risk that crooks will find it, probe it, attack it, exploit it and – if things end badly – use it as a toehold to dig into your digital life. Criminals who figure out how to commandeer a vulnerable device inside your network can use that device to map out, scan and attack your laptop – the one you’re using right now to work from home – as if they were right there beside you.
If you’ve ever played around with internet of thing (IoT) devices, for example, you’ll probably know that many of them are based on the Linux kernel and the open-source system software that typically forms the core of any Linux distribution. Indeed, even the tiniest and most stripped-down devices often include not only special purpose software tailored to that device, but also a host of standard Unix command-line utilities that are the same as, or similar to, the tools you will find in any penetration tester’s toolbox.
For example, a device such as a webcam or smart speaker usually doesn’t just contain audio and video processing code. You’ll probably also find one or more command shells. Shells such as bash, lash, ash or dash make it easy to run command scripts to automate system management tasks.
Then, there could be LAN and wireless configuration programs. Tools such as ifconfig, ip, iwlist and iwconfig make it straightforward to map out and configure network settings. You may also find downloader tools and programs such as curl and wget can be used not only for downloading files over the internet, but also for uploading stolen data to outside websites, typically just with a single command.
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