Scotlandâs King James IV was a quintessential Renaissance prince, ruling his kingdom in an era when the great works of Greece and Rome were being recovered and classical culture reborn across Europe. He vigorously supported the new learning, but a kingâs first and foremost role in that day was that of war-leader, and James was every bit the warrior-monarch.
He adopted new weapons and tactics for his army, and poured vast resources into developing a national navy for Scotland that could compare with that of young King Henry VIII in England, Scotlandâs larger and more powerful neighbour to the south.
There had already been much conflict between England and Scotland for hundreds of years. In 1502, an attempt was made to bring calm to long-troubled AngloScottish relations with the nations entering into the Treaty of Perpetual Peace, which saw James IV wed to Henry VIIâs daughter Margaret Tudor (also the sister of Henry VIII) in the next year. While this agreement was not without its merits, it created an obvious threat to Scotlandâs long-standing alliance with France should events force James to choose between peace with England or his connections with the French.
Centuries earlier, Scotland and France had entered into the Treaty of Paris in 1295, which called for either to come to the aid of the other in times of war with England. This was the beginning of what was known in Scotland as the âAuld Allianceâ, and it would play a significant role in the Flodden campaign. In 1513 Henry VIII, eager for martial glory, departed for France as part of his commitment to the anti-French Holy League. In response, James declared war against his brother-in-law, mustered his army in late July and struck into Northumberland in the north of England in a bid to show his support for his French allies.
Organising for war
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