Auschwitz and Dachau have become bywords for the genocide of European Jews and other persecuted groups during the Second World War. Millions of people died at the hands of the Nazis and their collaborators in these camps, with the horror of what took place casting a long shadow across the world.
Of the six million Jews who were killed, almost 1.5 million were children. A much smaller number survived but the majority of them lost their families and were burdened with traumatic memories for life. Today, the surviving children of the Holocaust remain committed to ensuring that similar crimes against humanity never occur again.
One such survivor is Ivor Perl. He and his elder brother Alec were the only survivors from their large Hungarian Jewish family and endured unimaginable suffering in several concentration camps, including Auschwitz and Dachau. Here Ivor, the author of the recently published memoir Chicken Soup Under The Tree, recalls Jewish life during his childhood, the terrible conditions in the camps and how his brother repeatedly saved his life.
Cheder in Makó
Born as Yitzchak Perlmutter in 1932, Ivor grew up in a large Orthodox Jewish family in the Hungarian town of Makó. His father worked in the vegetable wholesale business, with the young Yitzchak having four brothers David, Mordechai, Abroham (later known as Alec) and Moishe, and four sisters Raizel, Blume, Malka, Faigale.
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NAUMACHIA TRUTH BEHIND ROME'S GLADIATOR SEA BATTLES
In their quest for evermore novel and bloody entertainment, the Romans staged enormous naval fights on artificial lakes
OPERATION MANNA
In late April 1945, millions of Dutch civilians were starving as Nazi retribution for the failed Operation Market Garden cut off supplies. eet as In response, Allied bombers launched a risky mission to air-drop food
GASSING HITLER
Just a month before the end of WWI, the future Fuhrer was blinded by a British shell and invalided away from the frontline. Over a century later, has the artillery brigade that launched the fateful attack finally been identified?
SALAMANCA
After years of largely defensive campaigning, Lieutenant General Arthur Wellesley went on the offensive against a French invasion of Andalusia
HUMBERT 'ROCKY'VERSACE
Early in the Vietnam War, a dedicated US Special Forces officer defied his merciless Viet Cong captors and inspired his fellow POWs to survive
LEYTE 1944 SINKING THE RISING SUN
One of the more difficult island campaigns in WWII's Pacific Theatre saw a brutal months-long fight that exhausted Japanâs military strength
MAD DAWN
How technology transformed strategic thinking and military doctrine from the Cold War to the current day
BRUSHES WITH ARMAGEDDON
Humanity came close to self-annihilation with the Cuban Missile Crisis, Broken Arrowsâ and other nuclear near misses
THE DEADLY RACE
How the road to peace led to an arms contest between the USA and USSR, with prototypes, proliferation and the worldâs biggest bomb
THE MANHATTAN PROJECT
Einstein, Oppenheimer and the race to beat Hitler to the bomb. How a science project in the desert helped win a war