The slog was relentless. Through dark, deep forest and across broken terrain, mountain peaks studded with bare hillocks, draws and ridgelines, the US Seventh Army had fought its way northward nearly 500 miles (800km) from the French Riviera.
The Germans had contested virtually every mile of the advance since the Allies had come ashore in southern France during Operation Dragoon on 15 August 1944, intent on supporting the D-Day offensive in Normandy and opening the Mediterranean ports to supply and reinforcement convoys. Once a junction had been affected with the armies advancing from Normandy, the Allies intended to press further across the frontier of the Third Reich on a broad front, bringing the Second World War home to Nazi Germany and striking a fatal blow to the enemy.
In late October, after ten weeks of fighting, the veteran US 3rd Infantry Division had battered its way northward through the Vosges Mountains to the vicinity of the French town of La Bourgonce, with the village of St Die identified as an immediate objective. While high-ranking officers planned grand strategy, their aims were being prosecuted and advanced, as always, by small unit actions on the ground.
Two days after his 22nd birthday, 28 October 1944, Staff Sergeant Lucian Adams, Company I, 3rd Battalion, 30th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Division, was with his squad in an area noted on maps as the Magdeleine Woods. The 30th Infantry was poised to support the neighbouring 7th Infantry Regiment, moving to capture Hill 616 and open Route N-420, the highway north of Le Haut Jacques Pas, where the 7th Regiment had run into substantial resistance, probably from the German 716th Division and elements of the tough 201st Mountain Battalion.
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NAUMACHIA TRUTH BEHIND ROME'S GLADIATOR SEA BATTLES
In their quest for evermore novel and bloody entertainment, the Romans staged enormous naval fights on artificial lakes
OPERATION MANNA
In late April 1945, millions of Dutch civilians were starving as Nazi retribution for the failed Operation Market Garden cut off supplies. eet as In response, Allied bombers launched a risky mission to air-drop food
GASSING HITLER
Just a month before the end of WWI, the future Fuhrer was blinded by a British shell and invalided away from the frontline. Over a century later, has the artillery brigade that launched the fateful attack finally been identified?
SALAMANCA
After years of largely defensive campaigning, Lieutenant General Arthur Wellesley went on the offensive against a French invasion of Andalusia
HUMBERT 'ROCKY'VERSACE
Early in the Vietnam War, a dedicated US Special Forces officer defied his merciless Viet Cong captors and inspired his fellow POWs to survive
LEYTE 1944 SINKING THE RISING SUN
One of the more difficult island campaigns in WWII's Pacific Theatre saw a brutal months-long fight that exhausted Japanâs military strength
MAD DAWN
How technology transformed strategic thinking and military doctrine from the Cold War to the current day
BRUSHES WITH ARMAGEDDON
Humanity came close to self-annihilation with the Cuban Missile Crisis, Broken Arrowsâ and other nuclear near misses
THE DEADLY RACE
How the road to peace led to an arms contest between the USA and USSR, with prototypes, proliferation and the worldâs biggest bomb
THE MANHATTAN PROJECT
Einstein, Oppenheimer and the race to beat Hitler to the bomb. How a science project in the desert helped win a war