At 33.5 deg C, the Raffles Place area was 6.5 deg C hotter than the coolest spot identified, Upper Peirce Reservoir Park. The difference in temperature between the urban environment and its rural surrounding is known as the urban heat island effect.
This finding in Urban Heat Snapshot by global sustainable development consultancy Arup was recorded at midnight on May 13 2022's hottest day. The study mapped the whole of Singapore, with a particular focus on a 150 sq km snapshot of Singapore's urban centre, using Arup's digital heat analytics tool UHeat.
In the day, buildings, pavements and other impermeable surfaces in urban environments absorb and hold sunlight and heat energy from people and activities.
At night, this heat is trapped nearer to the ground level because the built-up environment blocks heat from rising into the sky, intensifying the urban heat island effect.
The snapshot uses a tool developed by Arup using artificial intelligence to analyse satellite images based on different factors, including the number of water bodies and green spots, building density, and the ability of surfaces to reflect heat from the sun.
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