Dr Lars Ryden explains coronary artery disease and how it affects your well-being.
Coronary artery disease explained
In coronary artery disease (CAD), the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrition to the heart are deeply affected. Coronary artery disease develops when plaque (cholesterol deposits) clogs the arteries and causes inflammation. Major blood vessels are damaged or unable to function optimally. Plaque narrows and hardens the artery walls thereby decreasing blood flow to the heart. Decreased flow of blood may cause angina (chest pain) and shortness of breath. A completely blocked artery can cause a heart attack. Thrombotic occlusion (blood clots in the blood vessels) is caused if:
arteries are blocked by atherosclerosis.
impacted blood circulates in the heart.
plaque in the arteries cracks and the tissue fluid comes in contact with the blood.
These clots block the blood circulation, oxygen and nutrition in the arteries. If not diagnosed in time, the blood clots can cause scarring in the arteries and affect blood circulation to the heart. This, over the period, causes myocardial infarction (heart attack). Typical symptoms of heart attacks may include tiredness, swollen feet and difficulty breathing.
Research studies have shown that coronary artery disease is still a major cause of death, though the number of deaths has decreased. But the number of hospitalisations continues to remain high even though the incidence of coronary artery disease has lowered. If the number of deaths, impacted lives and number of hospitalisations are combined, coronary artery disease remains the major factor responsible for health emergencies. It is also one of the costliest diseases. The risk of heart failure and heart complications remain high in people who have undergone myocardial infarction.
Risks and symptoms
Major risk factors for CAD include:
Age: Older age increases your risk of getting CAD.
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