Reform of the lower judiciary is imperative, but a national service will run roughshod over the federal principle, social justice and linguistic rights.
![The Munsif's Mother Tongue The Munsif's Mother Tongue](https://magarticles.magzter.com/articles/241/251794/5a0976170823d/The-Munsifs-Mother-Tongue.jpg)
Since the Government of India Act, 1935, the responsibility of governing the judiciary below the high court level has always lain with the provincial government. The Constitution categorises the Supreme Court as the Union judiciary. Though the appointments and transfers of high court judges are made in the name of the President, the entire expenditure of running high courts is borne by state governments. Earlier, states had some say in the appointment of high court judges, but after the advent of the collegium system even that has been removed.
Appointments to the subordinate judiciary, though, are in the states’ purview. Entry-level civil judges (junior division) are recruited by state public service commissions (PSCs). In Tamil Nadu, one or two high court judges sit as “experts” on the interview committee. But district judges are selected directly by the high court—they are treated as a service under the state government and the power of superintendence rests solely with the court.
Initially, the pay scales at entry-level judicial posts—magistrates and munsifs—were very low, almost equal to that of a lower division clerk in government service! It took long years of reform initiatives, beginning in the 1990s, before pay scales and other service conditions were rationalised by the Supreme Court. It also recommended a standardised nomenclature for posts across India, and a higher retirement age on the ground that entry into judicial service invariably takes place at a later age.
Denne historien er fra November 20, 2017-utgaven av Outlook.
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Denne historien er fra November 20, 2017-utgaven av Outlook.
Start din 7-dagers gratis prøveperiode på Magzter GOLD for å få tilgang til tusenvis av utvalgte premiumhistorier og 9000+ magasiner og aviser.
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![Layers Of Lear Layers Of Lear](https://reseuro.magzter.com/100x125/articles/241/1927469/GG1vuyCV91734076349724/LAYERS-OF-LEAR.jpg)
Layers Of Lear
Director Rajat Kapoor and actor Vinay Pathak's ode to Shakespeare is an experience to behold
![Loss and Longing Loss and Longing](https://reseuro.magzter.com/100x125/articles/241/1927469/tVUvrnQuq1734076210174/LOSS-AND-LONGING.jpg)
Loss and Longing
Memories can be painful, but they also make life more meaningful
![Suprabhatham Sub Judice Suprabhatham Sub Judice](https://reseuro.magzter.com/100x125/articles/241/1927469/Zhe7tSK-e1734075974472/SUPRABHATHAM-SUB-JUDICE.jpg)
Suprabhatham Sub Judice
M.S. Subbulakshmi decided the fate of her memorials a long time ago
![Fortress of Desire Fortress of Desire](https://reseuro.magzter.com/100x125/articles/241/1927469/cVrvduNnv1734075826650/FORTRESS-OF-DESIRE.jpg)
Fortress of Desire
A performance titled 'A Streetcart Named Desire', featuring Indian and international artists and performers, explored different desires through an unusual act on a full moon night at the Gwalior Fort
![Of Hope and Hopelessness Of Hope and Hopelessness](https://reseuro.magzter.com/100x125/articles/241/1927469/wY9wHYn9b1734075691899/OF-HOPE-AND-HOPELESSNESS.jpg)
Of Hope and Hopelessness
The body appears as light in Payal Kapadia's film
![Ruptured Lives Ruptured Lives](https://reseuro.magzter.com/100x125/articles/241/1927469/gtVzp1RzF1734075522061/RUPTURED-LIVES.jpg)
Ruptured Lives
A visit to Bangladesh in 2010 shaped the author's novel, a sensitively sketched tale of migrants' struggles
![The Big Book The Big Book](https://reseuro.magzter.com/100x125/articles/241/1927469/S3dH9s0_l1734075372462/THE-BIG-BOOK.jpg)
The Big Book
The Big Book of Odia Literature is a groundbreaking work that provides readers with a comprehensive introduction to the rich and varied literary traditions of Odisha
![How to Refuse the Generous Thief How to Refuse the Generous Thief](https://reseuro.magzter.com/100x125/articles/241/1927469/ry9kasZU51734075196272/HOW-TO-REFUSE-THE-GENEROUS-THIEF.jpg)
How to Refuse the Generous Thief
The poet uses all the available arsenal in English to write the most anti-colonial poetry
![The Freedom Compartment The Freedom Compartment](https://reseuro.magzter.com/100x125/articles/241/1927469/bVCI9UYQ61734074041916/THE-FREEDOM-COMPARTMENT.jpg)
The Freedom Compartment
#traindiaries is a photo journal shot in the ladies coaches of Mumbai locals. It explores how women engage and familiarise themselves with spaces by building relationships with complete strangers
![Love, Up in the Clouds Love, Up in the Clouds](https://reseuro.magzter.com/100x125/articles/241/1927469/yURYDYW1U1734073912695/LOVE-UP-IN-THE-CLOUDS.jpg)
Love, Up in the Clouds
Manikbabur Megh is an unusual love story about a man falling for a cloud. Amborish Roychoudhury discusses the process of Manikbabu's creation with actor Chandan Sen and director Abhinandan Banerjee