While they both fly, birds, and insects have markedly different flight apparatus. Many invertebrates having an exoskeleton means that all flight muscles must be housed within the thorax. In the earliest insects and their closest modern lineages (like Odonata which includes dragonflies and damselflies), the flight depressor and elevator muscles that pull the wings up and down connect directly to the base of the wing at the hinge.
However, in more derived lineages, such as bees and wasps (Hymenoptera) or true flies (Diptera, including house flies and mosquitoes), the flight muscles are indirect — they do not connect to the wings directly. Rather, they squash and squeeze the thorax itself. In both cases, there is also an array of tiny muscles that refine the main motion of the wings to provide modifications needed for flight control and steering maneuvers on a wingbeat-by wingbeat basis — this is a fascinating challenge when one considers that the wings of some insects flap up to 1,000 times every second.
Denne historien er fra June 27, 2020-utgaven av The Times of India Hyderabad.
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Denne historien er fra June 27, 2020-utgaven av The Times of India Hyderabad.
Start din 7-dagers gratis prøveperiode på Magzter GOLD for å få tilgang til tusenvis av utvalgte premiumhistorier og 9000+ magasiner og aviser.
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