Know your dairy cow breeds: Part 1

Holstein cows are a breed of dairy cattle known for their distinctive black-and-white or red-and-white coat coloration. They are the most common breed of dairy cow and are renowned for their high milk production.

The Holstein originated in the Dutch provinces of North Holland and Friesland and in Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany. It is found in more than 160 countries Key physical characteristics and appearance traits of Holstein cows include:

Coloration: black and white or red and white colour pattern. The Holstein’s colouring is perhaps its most iconic feature. The black or red colour is typically distributed in large, irregular patches over a predominantly white body. Coat pattern: Holsteins exhibit a piebald pattern, with distinct black (or red) and white patches. The black patches can vary in size and shape, creating a characteristic and easily recognisable appearance.

Head: Holstein cows have a broad forehead and a clean, refined head. Their facial profile is straight, and they often have a black (or red) nose and eyes.

Ears: Holstein cows typically have medium to large-sized ears that may be somewhat droopy. The ears are often black (or red) in colour.

Body size: Holsteins are large, angular cattle with a deep body and a long frame. They are typically also recognised by their height, which can reach up to 1,5m.

Legs: Holstein cows have strong, straight legs that provide a sturdy base for their large body. The hooves are usually black (or red). Udder: Holstein cows have a well-developed udder, which is essential for their high milk production. The udder is positioned well above the hocks and has four distinct quarters.