Leaky Problems

Urinary Incontinence Management

Urinary incontinence, the involuntary leakage of urine, can affect people of all ages, including the younger population. However, it is more commonly reported in women and those over 50. Various factors can contribute to incontinence. Age, constipation, increased body mass index (BMI), urinary tract infection and impaired physical function are common factors for both women and men. In women, factors like pregnancy and postpartum can strain, stretch and weaken the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs), while menopause or a history of hysterectomy can also contribute to urinary incontinence. For men, surgery for prostate cancer or benign prostate disease can increase the risk.

MANAGEMENT

There are several ways to manage urinary incontinence. The current evidence-based practice and management approach includes:

• Behavioural and lifestyle modifications;

• PFM training;

• Pharmacological intervention; and eventually

• Surgical intervention (for individuals experiencing incontinence symptoms who do not respond to previous management options)

LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION

Lifestyle modifications include reducing the consumption of drinks that can irritate the bladder lining, such as carbonated beverages, alcohol or caffeinated drinks (e.g. coffee and tea).

This irritation can lead to increased urinary frequency and urgency. It is also important to reduce overall fluid intake, especially in the evening, between dinner and bedtime, and to avoid drinking fluid two hours before sleep to reduce the frequency of urinating in the middle of the night. Research has shown that repeatedly waking up during the night over the long term may cause disturbed sleep, eventually affecting one’s quality of life and general health.

BEHAVOURIAL MODIFICATION