In what had widely been interpreted as a referendum on the federal government of Olaf Scholz before next autumn's general election, his Social Democratic party (SPD) appeared to have clawed back its lead over the anti-immigrant populists who had been on course to seize victory in the state for the first time.
Exit polls pointed to a close finish, with the SPD polling 31.3% to the AfD's 29.5%, and with both parties making gains of 5 to 6 points on their performance at the last election.
The fledgling "leftist conservative" Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW), a pro-Kremlin party which has called for an end to military aid to Ukraine, appeared to have secured 12%, making it a likely contenderina new administration.
With much seen to be at stake in the election, turnout was high at 74%.
The SPD's Dietmar Woidke, who has led Brandenburg for 11 years, had upped the ante by promising to resign if the AfD beat his party, in what was seen as a high-stakes gamble based on his own popularity as "father of the state".
The AfD, which has been classified as a rightwing extremist organisation in Brandenburg by domestic intelligence agencies, had also called for Scholz to resign under the same circumstances.
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