He announced his decision to quit in a statement issued by the Football Association on Tuesday morning, following the team's defeat to Spain in the Euro 2024 final on Sunday.
"As a proud Englishman, it has been the honour of my life to play for England and to manage England. It has meant everything to me and I have given it my all," he said in a statement.
"But it's time for change and for a new chapter. Sunday's final in Berlin against Spain was my final game as England manager."
Southgate took charge in 2016, following the team's ignominious exit to Iceland in that summer's Euros and the short-lived reign of Sam Allardyce.
FA chief executive Mark Bullingham paid tribute to Southgate's achievements in leading England to successive European Championship finals, as well as to the semi-finals of the 2018 World Cup in his first tournament at the helm.
Bullingham indicated the process to find Southgate's successor "is now under way" and said the FA had an "interim solution in place if needed", with the team's next matches coming in the Nations League in September.
Southgate himself backed his players to go on and "win the trophy we all dream of" in the future.
"I am so proud of them, and I hope we get behind the players and the team at St George's Park and the FA who strive every day to improve English football and understand the power football has to drive positive change," he said.
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Is Wagner the man for Argyle?
FORMER HUDDERSFIELD AND NORWICH BOSS IS INTERVIEWED BY CLUB
Peacock takes on full-time role at Bolitho Park
PLYMOUTH Parkway has significantly expanded the role of assistant manager Lee Peacock, appointing him to a new full-time position within the club.
Arteta's excuses for Arsenal are a load of balls
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Argyle are closing in on Puchacz
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Lopetegui sacked and to be replaced by Potter
WEST Ham have sacked head coach Julen Lopetegui after less than eight months in charge.
Arteta's excuses for Arsenal are a load of balls
MIKEL Arteta said Arsenal's 2-0 defeat to Newcastle in the first leg of their Carabao Cup semi-final did not reflect his team's performance as he hinted the ball used for the game at the Emirates Stadium hindered his players.
Call yet to be made on Manny surgery
RUGBY UNION Exeter's Rob Baxter says that a decision has still to be made on whether England wing Immanuel Feyi-Waboso will undergo shoulder surgery. Feyi-Waboso dislocated his shoulder while in action for Exeter just before Christmas.
Respects paid to 'loved' Grayson
Webb Simpson hopes the parents of Grayson Murray know how much their son was loved by fellow players following a ceremony to celebrate his life ahead of this week's Sony Open.
Afghan Olympian calls for England boycott
ONE of Afghanistan's first female Olympians has called on the England cricket team to boycott their Champions Trophy match against the Asian country's men's team next month.
Vow to end schools north-south divide
SIR Keir Starmer has vowed to address a north-south disparity in schools.