The colon is another term for the large intestine, it is the lowest part of the digestive system. Inside the colon, water and salt from solid wastes are extracted before the waste moves through the rectum and exits the body through the anus. It is a very vast topic to be discussed but as a basic informative we are putting this topic for our readers where they can get the information about the disease.
Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth. Colon cancer forms when this uncontrolled cell growth happens in the cells of the large intestine. Most colon cancers originate from small, noncancerous (benign) tumors called adenomatous polyps that form on the inner walls of the large intestine. Some of these polyps may grow into malignant colon cancers over time if they are not removed during colonoscopy - a procedure looking at the inner lining of the intestine. Colon cancer cells will invade and damage healthy tissue that is near the tumor, causing many complications. After malignant tumors form, the cancerous cells may travel through the blood and lymph systems, spreading to other parts of the body. These cancer cells can grow in several places, invading and destroying other healthy tissues throughout the body. This process is called metastasis, and the result is a more serious condition that is very difficult to treat. Colon cancer is not necessarily the same as rectal cancer, but they often occur together in what is called colorectal cancer. Rectal cancer originates in the rectum, which is the last several inches of the large intestine, closest to the anus.
TYPES OF CANCER IN THE COLON AND RECTUM :
1. Adenocarcinomas. Other, less common types of tumors can also start in the colon and rectum. These include:
2. Carcinoid tumors
3. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)
4. Lymphomas
5. Sarcomas
RISK FACTORS YOU CANNOT CHANGE :
A personal history of colorectal polyps or colorectal cancer
A personal history of inflammatory bowel disease
A family history of colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps
Having an inherited syndrome
Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer, or HNPCC
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