Neuropathic Pain (NP) is a debilitating condition that could result from Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) caused by damaged or dysfunctional nerve fibers sending aberrant signals to pain centers in the central nervous system causing severe pain that affects daily life and routine. The mechanisms underlying NP are not fully understood making treatment difficult. This review aims to discuss the implications of the mechanistic applications of yoga that can be tested and the practice of yoga can become a part of integrative treatment for NP. Long term suffering in pain is found to cause anxiety and depression leading to lowered cognitive functioning. Although there are pharmacological solutions to the management of pain, the long term usage, side effects, and prohibitive costs makes one seek out other modalities such as mind-body therapies including yoga, meditation, and cognitive behavior therapy. Yoga is a combination of physical and mental practices to create a sense of well-being hence acting as a preventive measure to facilitate the patient&rsquo;s psychological healing process. It is believed to stimulate neural pathways and neurotransmitters. The systematic practice of Asana, Pranayama and meditation is expected to not only assist in relaxation and pain relief; there are speculations that it can act as a healing tool in the regeneration of nerve fibers in SCI patients. Studies have proved that modified Asana practice specifically for chronic lower back pain have relieved patients due to resultant better balance and flexibility. These indicate the potential role yoga could play in the management of NP.Management of Pain through YogaAnalyses of the brains of regularly practicing Yogis for the structural changes in grey and white matter, it was found that the Yogis had increased intra-insular white matter integrity and due to their parasympathetic activation and increased awareness, they were able to comparatively tolerate more pain. Yogic practices are found to influence the sympathetic nervous system, HPA axis and modulate the action of nitric oxide release; endogenous cannabinoids and opiates which explain the reduction in pain. Yoga helps to empower the patient by building symmetric and asymmetric postures to gain flexibility and awareness of the body structure by integration of Pranayama into the postures and focuses on the weight and time management of muscle contraction and relaxation. Outcome was studied on two critical case studies of SCI, one who suffered paralysis and another paraplegia. Although paralysis results in reduced sensory stimuli, a sense of presence was initiated through yoga leading to a very tangible effect of being balanced, feeling grounded, relaxed, aware and self-reflective, they were able to rehabilitate both cases to a large extent. In another study, mindfulness was negatively associated with pain using the fear-avoidance model.In chronic pain, breathing is strained and shallow using more thoracic muscle. Pranayama and Sudarshan Kriya are found to correct the breathing pattern and this itself helps in the management of pain. This is so because, stepwise breath regulation through Yogic breathing affects the control of both, the autonomous and the parasympathetic nervous system. Studies have shown that Pranayama is effective in the modulation of neurotransmitters and releases serotonin. In another study, the practice is shown to increase immune-related cytokines and decrease stress-related hormones blood cortisol.Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a chronic mental health condition that starts by witnessing or experiencing a terrifying event. People who acquire PTSD have difficulty with their routine activities and could experience extreme anxiety. Scientists at the University of Wisconsin, Maddison have found that yoga can help in the treatment of these patients through mindfulness and breath awareness.Regular Yogic practices and specifically Yoganidra is found to increase levels of dopamine and serotonin, helping in the treatment of anxiety and depression-related disorders.To check the effect of yoga on chronic lower back pain, two studies were conducted with a 12 weeks programme wherein one group was assigned exercises and another yoga which included Asana, Pranayama, meditation and few lessons from philosophy of yoga. 70% of the participants were women with an average age of 47years. The findings of the study were that short term yoga programs can help mitigate pain-related disability and improve the flexibility of the spine.ConclusionIt has been established that modern treatment strategies are reductionist therapeutic approaches, pertaining to a few or most of the systemic and psychological disorders, having various metabolic side effects.The introduction of yoga would help to cope with these well-defined side effects and will boost the quality of health care. The simplicity and practicality of yoga make it a viable therapy to utilize it in rehabilitation centers and clinics to ameliorate Neuropathic Pain subject to the participant&rsquo;s compliance with changes in diet and regularity of the yoga practice.Weblink: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/31 8238745_Yoga_Can_It_Be_Integrated_with Treatment_of_Neuropathic_Pain

Research In Yoga

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