Las crisis representan lecciones de vida para quienes las sufren. A su paso, dejan ense&ntilde;anzas que servir&aacute;n para evitar situaciones similares. Esto lo saben muy bien los mexicanos que padecieron la &uacute;ltima gran crisis econ&oacute;mica causada por factores internos en 1994.
Javier Guzm&aacute;n Calafell, ex subgobernador del Banco de M&eacute;xico e integrante del equipo negociador del rescate financiero que necesitaba el pa&iacute;s ante el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI), asegura que las lecciones de esa crisis han sido aprendidas. Como ejemplo, desde hace casi 29 a&ntilde;os, el pa&iacute;s no ha enfrentado una situaci&oacute;n similar.
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"Las lecciones han sido bien aprendidas y van desde el consenso en la sociedad sobre la importancia de la estabilidad macroecon&oacute;mica, la de tener un tipo de cambio flexible, contar con un sistema financiero s&oacute;lido, la transparencia en el manejo de las estad&iacute;sticas del pa&iacute;s y una relaci&oacute;n m&aacute;s madura con el FMI", asegura en entrevista.
"Eso nos ha evitado hacer frente a una crisis generada por factores internos durante un periodo prolongado y nos ha evitado enfrentar crisis generadas en el exterior desde una posici&oacute;n de fortaleza con fundamentos econ&oacute;micos mucho m&aacute;s s&oacute;lidos", agrega.
Guzm&aacute;n Calafell, quien public&oacute; recientemente el libro La otra cara de la moneda. La debacle econ&oacute;mica de los noventa en M&eacute;xico, destaca la importancia de no bajar la guardia, pues el riesgo de que se presente una nueva crisis siempre existir&aacute;.
"Hoy en d&iacute;a, no nos imaginamos de d&oacute;nde va a surgir la siguiente crisis, &iquest;existe el riesgo? Por supuesto, &iquest;sabemos exactamente d&oacute;nde puede surgir? No.&nbsp;Tenemos que estar atentos, hasta ahora nos han funcionado las lecciones del 94", comenta.
En su libro, quien fuera subgobernador de Banxico entre febrero de 2013 y diciembre de 2020, narra que la crisis de liquidez del 94 no fue prevista por las autoridades mexicanas ni por los economistas de Estados Unidos y del FMI, lo que represent&oacute; un fallo por parte de las instituciones.
El punto m&aacute;s &aacute;lgido fue en diciembre de 1994, cuando el gobierno mexicano decidi&oacute; dejar el peso en libre flotaci&oacute;n frente al d&oacute;lar estadounidense.
Guzm&aacute;n Calafell afirma que, en la actualidad, uno de los problemas principales que tiene la econom&iacute;a mexicana es una tasa de crecimiento muy baja.
"Adem&aacute;s, tenemos otros problemas: uno serio en Pemex, que todav&iacute;a no se resuelve totalmente. El problema va a ir creciendo con el tiempo. Y tenemos una serie de gastos en las finanzas p&uacute;blicas que van a ir aumentando tambi&eacute;n", asegura.
El exbanquero destaca la importancia de mantener la atenci&oacute;n en que ciertos criterios que son indispensables para atender una crisis est&aacute;n en vigor e ir aprendiendo de la transformaci&oacute;n de la econom&iacute;a mundial para fortalecer aspectos que no se conoc&iacute;an antes, para tomar las acciones que sean necesarias con base en la experiencia.

LAS LECCIONES DE LA CRISIS DEL 94

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