Beyond the Blast: India's Nuclear Legacy

India's nuclear legacy, shaped by key tests and visionary figures like Dr. R. Chidambaram, redefined defence, energy, and diplomacy.

- By Dr. R Chidambaram

India's nuclear journey has been marked by two significant milestones: the first test in 1974, known as "Smiling Buddha," and the series of tests in 1998, referred to as "Operation Shakti." These events not only showcased India's technological advancements but also had profound implications for its defense strategy and international relations.

Smiling Buddha (1974): India's First Nuclear Test

On May 18, 1974, India conducted its first successful nuclear test, codenamed "Smiling Buddha." The test took place at the Pokhran Test Range in Rajasthan, a site chosen for its remote location, which provided the necessary secrecy. The device detonated was a fission-type bomb, with an estimated yield of 6 to 10 kilotons.

The test was officially described by the Indian government as a "peaceful nuclear explosion," aligning with India's stance on using nuclear technology for peaceful purposes. However, the international community viewed it as a significant step towards nuclear weapons capability. The United States, for instance, referred to the operation as "Happy Krishna."

The successful detonation was a culmination of years of research and development by India's nuclear scientists, including the Atomic Energy Commission under the leadership of Dr. Raja Ramanna. The test demonstrated India's capability to develop nuclear weapons, marking a pivotal moment in its defense history.

Operation Shakti (1998): A Series of Nuclear Tests
After a 24-year hiatus, India conducted a series of nuclear tests in May 1998, known as "Operation Shakti." These tests were carried out at the same Pokhran Test Range, underscoring its strategic importance. The operation included five detonations:

May 11, 1998: Three tests were conducted. The first was a thermonuclear device (fusion bomb), followed by two fission bombs.

May 13, 1998: Two additional fission bombs were detonated.