The photographs on the following pages are part of the collection of the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC) and are attributed to Lewis W. Hine.
They show children working indoors in a variety of jobs. Another set of photographs on pages 26–29 captures children working outdoors. Do any of the jobs look like something you would enjoy doing? Which of them looks the least appealing?
Vance, 15 years old, a trapper boy, West Virginia coal mine. He has trapped for several years. He is paid 75 cents a day for 10 hours of work. All he does is open and shut this door. Most of the time he sits here idle, waiting for the cars to come. On account of the intense darkness in the mine, the [writing] on the door was not visible until the plate was developed. September 1908.
Boy taking boards away from “double cut-off” machine (a suggestive name!), Indiana Manufacturing Co., Peru, Indiana. October 1908.
Spinner, Whitnel Cotton Manufacturing Co., Whitnel, North Carolina. She was 51 inches high. Had been in mill one year. Some work at night. Runs 4 sides [rows of the machines], 48 cents a day. When asked how old she was, she hesitated, then said, “I don't remember.” Then she confidentially added, “I’m not old enough to work, but I do just the same.” Out of 50 employees, 10 children were about her size. December 1908.
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Bu hikaye Cobblestone American History Magazine for Kids dergisinin July/August 2017 sayısından alınmıştır.
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Eye in the Sky
An interview with Joe Piotrowski
Airborne Animals
Humans have taken to the skies in balloons, gliders, and airplanes-but we're not alone among the clouds. Animals of all sorts have evolved to harness wind power.
TAKING OFF
The Wright brothers expected airplanes to “take off,” but even they might be amazed at the way the airline industry has become big business. In the past, it was expensive to send something by plane.
GROWTH OF AN INDUSTRY
After their historic flight at Kitty Hawk in 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright returned to Dayton, Ohio. They spent the next few years making adjustments and building additional versions of their powered aircraft in their bicycle shop.
WHY KITTY HAWK?
The Wright brothers searched carefully for the best place to test their gliders and flying machines. Their main concern was for good, steady winds. But they also hoped to find a remote location to allow them to perform tests away from the public eye.
Two Brothers From Ohio
Most people do not realize that the Wright brothers—Wilbur, born in 1867, and Orville, born in 1871—performed various scientific experiments before inventing their aircraft. For as long as anyone in their hometown of Dayton, Ohio, could remember, the Wright boys had worked on mechanical projects.
A Helping Hand
May 6, 1896. A group of people who had gathered beside the Potomac River, just south of the U.S. capital, grew quiet. Then, it erupted in cheers as a small, unmanned aircraft took to the skies and flew for more than half a mile. The flight came seven years before the Wright brothers’ first manned, powered flight. The inventor of the aircraft was Dr. Samuel Pierpont Langley.
THE IDEA MEN
People dreamed of flying thousands of years before the Wright brothers found success near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. These dreamers, such as Leonardo da Vinci, studied birds flying and imagined how humans might do the same—if only they had wings. Other men developed a more hands-on approach to the topic. Early inventors made wings of cloth, glue, and feathers and tied these creations to their arms in an attempt to imitate nature.
Da Vinci's 4 Designs
Have you ever wondered how a bird flies? Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) did. He thought that understanding how a bird flies would provide the key to human flight. So, what did da Vinci learn from birds?
Silken Wings
Seven hundred years before the Wright brothers began experimenting with human flight, the Chinese had already mastered its secrets—with kites.
