Dr. Badri Narayan, a noted scholar and director of the GB Pant Institute in Allahabad, explains that caste censuses historically provided critical data on the demographic distribution of various caste groups. This information often became a basis for power sharing in democratic and developmental frameworks.
"In a democracy, numbers translate to power," Dr. Narayan says. "Caste census data allows communities to claim their rightful share in political representation, developmental projects, and welfare schemes. This is why the demand for a caste census is so fervent, especially among groups seeking greater recognition and resources."
The British colonial government conducted caste-based enumerations during the decennial census until 1931. These censuses not only documented the stratification within Indian society but also reinforced caste identities. Post-independence, however, India moved away from such explicit enumerations, focusing instead on broader socioeconomic categories.
A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD The demand for a caste census has resurfaced in recent years, particularly among opposition parties who see it as a means to address inequalities and strengthen their political base. However, the potential benefits of such a census come with significant risks.
Dr. Narayan highlights the dual nature of caste enumeration. On one hand, it can empower marginalized communities by making their needs visible. For example, many Dalit sub-castes remain underrepresented in policy discussions because their numbers and specific challenges are unknown. A caste census could bring these groups into the mainstream of political and developmental discourse.
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