How Ancient Greece influenced Indian strategic thought and statecraft

The Indo-Greek (Yavana) Kingdom produced illustrious statesmen and military commanders, such as Seleucus I Nicator, Menander I Soter (Milinda), and Demetrius III Aniketos (the Invincible).

In recent years, there have been several initiatives to recover or reappraise India's indigenous strategic thought and statecraft, especially in ancient times. Such an endeavour requires not only a careful scrutiny of a variety of sources and evidence, but also an exploration of the ways in which the models of political and military leadership that emerged in the Indian subcontinent interacted with exogenous factors.

Alexander's expedition to India served as the fulcrum for Greek influence, led to the proliferation of Greek settlements, and gave new impetus to trade. It incubated the amalgamation of Greek and Indian civilizations, a powerful manifestation of which is the Gandhara school of art.

One could claim that the operations of Alexander's army and the Battle of Hydaspes (326 BC) against King Porus' forces, which signalled the end of Alexander's advance, were a source of lessons in military strategy that spurred the growth of the Mauryan Empire and inspired Kautilya's seminal treatise on statecraft, the Arthashastra. The Indo-Greek (Yavana) Kingdom produced illustrious statesmen and military commanders, such as Seleucus I Nicator, Menander I Soter (Milinda), and Demetrius III Aniketos (the Invincible). Seleucus was defeated by Chandragupta Maurya in 305 BC.

He agreed to a truce that involved a marriage alliance between Helena, Seleucus' daughter, and the Indian ruler. Unlike another legendary Greek female figure with a similar-sounding name, Helen of Troy, who was associated with the Trojan War, one of the biggest wars in Greek mythology, Helena ushered in a period of peaceful symbiosis of the Seleucid and Mauryan dynasties.

A number of Greeks were sent as emissaries or were appointed envoys to the Indian emperors and left accounts of the inner workings of the Mauryan state.