KASHMIR
The Kashmir imbroglio is as old as India. After three wars and several healing touches by various prime ministers, Narendra Modi in 2019 made the historic decision to remove Jammu and Kashmir’s special status and divide it into two Union territories. It was an ideological victory for the BJP.
Kashmir had special status since 1949, two years after Maharaja Hari Singh signed the treaty of accession to India when Jawaharlal Nehru was prime minister. Lal Bahadur Shastri won the war with Pakistan by opening the western front to save Kashmir. The Tashkent agreement was signed a few days before Shastri’s death to revert to the pre-1965 position.
Indira Gandhi signed the Shimla agreement with her Pak counterpart Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, recognising the ceasefire line following the 1971 war as the Line of Control. And both sides agreed to keep the region a bilateral issue.
The Russian invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 changed things for Kashmir as well. The mujahideen, trained by Pakistan to counter Russians, later shifted attention to Kashmir.
In 1984, Indira approved Operation Meghdoot to take control of Siachen Glacier. During V.P. Singh’s tenure, the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits gave the conflict a whole new dimension. Several PMs, including Chandra Shekhar and I.K. Gujral, visited Kashmir in a bid to solve the crisis.
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