India’s 268 Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are set for a fourth makeover – the Development of Enterprise and ServiceHubs (DESH) Bill to do this may be introduced in the ongoing Parliament session. Will DESH make a difference?
To answer that, let’s go back to the beginning.
Problems with India’s SEZs?
An SEZ is a walled area housing one or more business units. The developer and operating units get tax and duty concessions not available to firms in the rest of the country.
● But Indian SEZs are much smaller in size and performance compared to Shenzhen. Shenzhen’s area (49,000 hectares) exceeds the combined area of Indian SEZs (47,000 hectares). The minimum space needed for an SEZ in India is less than 50 hectares. Services SEZs can operate from a lonely building.
● Small size prevents SEZs from offering high-quality common facilities and plug & play ecosystems. As a result, SEZ attracted units more for the tax concession than for any other competitive consideration.
● That’s why many large-export oriented units (EOUs) were converted into SEZs. When tax exemptions ended, investments dried up. Today, less than half the land approved for SEZ purposes is used.
How does DESH plan to change this?
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