Paddle Science #18 - The Body Fortress. Boosting Immunity

At this time of year, the rate of infection for colds and flu normally tends to slow down as we enter warmer, springtime months. However, if you’ve been anywhere at all in the world recently, then there’s one word you can’t escape at the moment: Coronavirus. Infection rates, mortality rates and prognostic data are changing daily at the moment. As a new virus none of us have previously been exposed to it, meaning that currently, we have no immunity to it. It’s only through being infected by a virus that our bodies are able to make the right antibodies to not only enable us to recover but to also help protect us from any recurrent and future infection from it. If you’re keen to stay well and keep getting out on your SUP board this spring, then focussing on boosting your immune system is a positive step to take.

- KATE STARLING

How does the immune system work?

Our immune systems are incredible and are our first line of defence in protecting us against disease and illness. White blood cells known as leucocytes circulate in our blood vessels and lymphatic system and help to detect any foreign pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites and foreign bodies which enter our body. Leucocytes consist of both phagocytes and lymphocytes. Phagocytes are cells which surround, absorb and destroy pathogens. One type of phagocyte, the neutrophil are the most common type of phagocyte and tend to attack bacteria. Monocytes are the largest type and have several roles to play whilst macrophages patrol for pathogens and remove dead and dying cells. Mast cells are also involved in a number of functions, including wound healing and defence against pathogens. Meanwhile, lymphocytes help our bodies to remember and recognise a specific pathogen in case it enters our body again. It includes B lymphocytes which produce antibodies and help to alert the T lymphocytes. The T lymphocytes destroy compromised cells in the body and help to alert other leukocytes.