From the beginning of civilisation, law has been an important discipline. With time, the profession’s various aspects crystallised into verticals. The twentieth century was all about the consolidation of these verticals. The century also saw the greatest game-changer since the discovery of fire – the advent of the internet. No other event has impacted the way people think, believe or do commerce, on this scale. Its wide adoption prompted an examination of the legal policy and regulatory nuances pertaining to the internet. That’s where the discipline known as cyberlaw originated.
The internet was born in 1969 but it was only in the 1990’s when it came to be adopted on a global scale. This presented challenges that questioned basic jurisprudence. It demanded a new and separate legal discipline.
Today, that discipline is more than two-and-a-half decades old, but is constantly evolving as new technologies and technological paradigms confront us in our daily lives.
Need for cyber laws
There is no one global cyber law in place and there’s a lack of norms of behaviours in cyberspace. That’s why countries have started coming up with their own distinctive legislations, cyber-legal regimes, on things like e-commerce and the internet in general.
India was inspired by the January 1997 United Nations General Assembly resolution asking member nations to come up with national laws to promote e-commerce. India’s Information Technology Bill was enacted into law in 2000. The Information Technology Act 2000 is India’s cyber law, the mother legislation pertaining to everything digital. If you’re using any of the seven raw materials in your daily life – computers, computer systems, computer networks, resources, communications devices, data and information in electronic form – you are covered by the law.
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The 50 colleges in 5 countries where most Indians go for MBBS abroad
Data on countries and colleges from the Foreign Medical Graduates Examination (FMGE) 2022 - the latest available - shows that most Indians who completed medical degrees abroad and wrote the FMGE went to five countries.
Foreign medical colleges: Look before you leap
A close look at foreign medical colleges that thousands of Indians have graduated from shows that many are unaccredited, don’t have hospitals or even their own websites
'Either I clear FMGE or leave the country'
After spending lakhs on MBBS degrees abroad, thousands spend years trying to clear the FMGE. That is the only option for Indian graduates of foreign medical colleges to build a career in India
Why hundreds of nursing graduates leave India each year
There has been an increase in nursing institutes over the past two decades but policy gaps, lax regulations, poor pay and opportunities are pushing a large number of nursing staff to seek opportunities abroad
In Kashmir, why NEET and JEE candidates flock to private reading halls to prepare for exams
These are accessible round-the-clock, even on public holidays, have private cabins and booths, kitchen, discussion area and some, even places for napping
Battling despair and depression in medical school
Long hours, bullying, lack of support make a difficult programme tougher for medical students. They hope for clear guidelines from the NMC
This father-daughter duo uncovered a scam in NEET admissions in West Bengal
Several generalcategory students had secured admission in medical colleges with forged ST certificates. Ishita Soren spotted the names, and her father followed up
'Forced to take up bonded labour
There's massive resistance to a state policy in Karnataka that requires even private medical college graduates to do one year's mandatory rural service
‘A routine circus': PG medical students lobby, move court to get stipends
Despite NMC orders, many medical colleges still seriously underpay resident doctors and threaten them into silence. In government colleges, stipends can be delayed for months
Why Mizoram wants centre to take over its only medical college
Mizoram got its first state medical college in 2018. In 2023, it asked the union government to take over. Mixed up in this are questions of funding, MBBS seat distribution
