1 LANDSCAPES Compose with symmetry

Discover how to use this essential element of classic landscape photography, with Mark Bauer and Ross Hoddinott

The rule of thirds is one of the fundamental principles of composition and one of the first that photographers try to get to grips with. However, if you follow it too slavishly, your pictures can become a little boring and predictable, and it is important to be aware of other possibilities in a scene. For example, in direct contradiction to the rule of thirds, you will sometimes find that centring your subject has the greatest impact.

Balance

Symmetry is one way to create balance in an image, but remember that symmetry doesn't automatically produce harmony. Symmetry occurs when objects on one side of an imaginary line that bisects the frame are mirrored on the other side of the line. The line is often referred to as the plane of symmetry.

A vertical plane of symmetry tends to provide the best feeling of balance in symmetrical images. Part of the reason for this is that our own plane of symmetry is vertical, so images organised in the same way are naturally pleasing. Of course, this is not to say that you should never have a horizontal plane of symmetry; many subjects, such as reflections in lakes, suit this approach.

In addition to the balance on either side of the plane of symmetry, consider the balance in the rest of the image. With a vertical axis, top-to-bottom balance is important. Most images look more stable if the bottom is slightly heavier. If the top seems too heavy, the composition can look unbalanced.

For a symmetrical composition to work, the plane of symmetry must be properly centered - any slight deviation will be instantly noticeable and jarring, and will look like a mistake.